This article explores the relationship between media and politics during the war between Japan and China through articles published in “Style” by Uno Chiyo in 1936 .
Uno declared this magazine was going to be “a fun magazine”, and would not cover comprehensive political issues. However, following the outbreak of the Japan-China war in 1937 , war-related articles appeared, but later suppressed.
Eventually, Uno decided that the magazine adopt a governmental policy. However, “Style” did not become war time magazine. This article examines the reason for this.

1)The verses of the Komai contained in the newly discovered Horeki Namekawa script 'Enzatsu-rui' match many of those contained in the Hamada script that was handed down to Chofu. 2)The Komai depicts a man and woman with shaved hair drinking sake together and praying to the Buddha in prayer. It is also a pun on the verses of the Noh play “Tamura”. 3)Kyogen “Rokunin-so” is recognized for its idea of wishing for a future life (becoming a Buddhist ascetic) with the act of shaving as a prank. It inherited the framework of the tale of a drunken becoming a monk. Based on the premise of an ending that makes use of this framework, the idea of adding a drinking scene accompanied by a Komai was conceived in the Horeki Namekawa version. 4)At the end of Horeki Namekawa version “Rokunin-so”, there is a mixture of the medieval elements inherited by this work (becoming a priest with mischief as a trigger) and its development in the Edo period (a reconciliation that did not lead to being a priest).

This paper is part of the study “Discourse Under Crisis.”
In the context of this study, “Discourse Under Crisis” refers to verse or prose produced or utterances spoken under situations of crisis. The subject of discourse, that is, the authors of the prose or verse or the speakers, cannot avoid these situations, not being afforded the option to refuse．
This paper explorers utterances of Confucius and his disciples, utterances of intellectuals in the Hanfeizi 韓非子, songs in the Chuci 楚辭, and pre-Qin 先秦 songs besides those of the Shijing 詩經 and Chuci 楚辭．

Research on the Ouchi clan in the Late Middle Ages has been very active in recent years. However, there are few related studies on the actual activities of the Ouchi clan from ancient times to the early medieval period, and few areas have been elucidated. In this paper, therefore, we analyze the actual activities of the Ouchi clan in their early period by collecting fragmentary related historical documents dating back to the stage when they were called Tatara clan. As a result, it became clear how they expanded their power based on their activities in the central political world in the late antiquity, after the stage when they were active as provincial officials in Suo Province.

Introduces and reprints descriptions related to Ozu Hisatari found in the "BOHEISEKKI"(Books about natural objects) in the collection of Iwase Bunko, Nishio City.

In this article, we discuss the application of image processing to old photographs. As concrete applications, we attempt to enhance the legibility of the characters on a notice board and to improve the quality of the image colored using the existing deep learning-based method. In addition, by using Python for image processing, we aim to complete the process using only open-source software.

Today, big data can be easily obtained in our daily lives. As a result, keywords such as data science and machine learning are no longer new. Universities, private companies, and government agencies have established departments and faculties related to data science, and various educational programs are being developed. The implementation of data science education for liberal arts at regional public universities is an urgent national issue to be identified and solutions to be proposed. Yamaguchi Prefectural University started a lecture course called Introduction to Data Science for all first-year students in FY2022 with the aim of acquiring data science backgrounds. In this paper, we examine the state of data science education for students in the humanities by using data on the submission status of assignments given to students in this course in FY 2022. The results showed the possibility of visualizing the degree of difficulty that students in the humanities, who are taking data science education for the first time, experience during data analysis exercises and the degree of their positive attitude toward the assignments.

This paper reports on the content of the "Japanese Language Teaching Practicum" at Yamaguchi Prefectural University in the year of 2022. We also investigate how the trainees' "qualities and abilities required of Japanese language teachers [training]" (Japanese Language Subcommittee of the Council for Cultural Affairs, 2018) changed through the educational practice, and describe the trainees' growth and learning progress. Through this, we will verify the effectiveness of the Japanese language teaching practice at our university.
In addition, based on the issues identified through this training, we discuss the design and management of future Japanese language education training at Yamaguchi Prefectural University.

Currently, medical institutions are not only pursuing technology, but are also practicing various attempts to provide safety and comfort in the environment, taking into consideration the emotional burden on patients and their families. Among these, "hospital art," which brings art into the medical field and actively utilizes the positive effects it can have on the viewer, is a representative activity. This paper describes the process of creating hospital art at Sanyo-onoda Municipal Hospital.

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of library glossaries in Japan by the 1920s. Library glossaries and literature discussing library terms were used as guides for the analysis. The primary results are as follows: (1) Authors of glossaries valued the translation of foreign terms. (2) In these glossaries, English terms were the most common, followed by German. (3) Several terms were related to bibliography or publishing. (4) Glossaries published in later years included numerous headwords from previous glossaries. (5) The translations were inconsistent.

This paper examines articles, essays, and photographs on kimono found in the magazine SUTAIRU, and clarifies what exactly was the "new kimono" advocated by UNO Chiyo. The "new kimono" was created with her deep understanding of kimono and her unique sensibility that was not bound by conventional wisdom, and several prototypes were embodied in the magazine SUTAIRU.

This paper focuses on the Blue & Green Art Project, which has been implemented from 2020 to the present, in relation to the Agri-Art Festival, which was the premise of the project, and its activities on regional revitalization and development.The project focuses on symposiums and exhibitions of artworks, which are activities about regional revitalization and development by connecting the sea and land, while committing to the SDGs.
In particular, the report discusses the works in the exhibition "A Journey of Fashion through the Sea," which was inspired by the symposium held in March 2022. For sustainable design, we will focus on the traditional Japanese clothing and dyeing and weaving techniques. The project focused on traditional Japanese clothing and dyeing techniques such as sakiori, tsuzure, saki-knitting, patchwork, and herb-dyeing for sustainable design.
The project also included the upcycling of masks provided by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare before they were discarded, as well as oyster pipes and other flotsam collected from beach cleanups.
The project also upcycled masks provided by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare before they were discarded and oyster pipes that had washed ashore from beach cleanups.
A sakiori weaving workshop was also held to help visitors feel the environmental issues of the sea and land as their own problems. The event was short-lived, but we hope that future activities will be more active and it was effective in raising awareness among the visitors as well as the organizers as a foundation for future activities.

The piece is a home-use step stool designed in consideration of the need for child safety.
Step stools have been used in Japanese families since a long time ago for various purposes in daily living. Today, multipurpose stools such as foldable ones are commonly used. However, in terms of safety they have more dangerous parts than the conventional type. The concerns become particularly apparent whenever children use such stools. Therefore, to address such safety concerns we have designed a stool under the theme of a “child-friendly stool that ensures peace of mind for adults and guardians.”

This paper proposes the creation of a “Cemetery” on the Internet in order to preserve information made by the deceased and no one is allowed to use the information or data about the deceased for a period of time . Many attempts have been made to deal with information of the deceased by using the expression “privacy of the deceased”. However, It is difficult to conceptualize the existence of the deceased according to the metaphysics of death. Therefore, it is argued that the “privacy of the deceased” can be reduced to “the violation of privacy of the people around someone who dies” of those who were related to or have a connection with the deceased. Since it has not been well argued what kind of information constitutes privacy for those who had a relationship with the deceased, this paper argues that it is safe and appropriate to keep the information of the deceased in the “Cemetery” where no one can touch it for the time being until there is more clarity regarding the concept of ” The violation of privacy of the people around someone who dies”.

This paper investigates the development of critical thinking skills (CTS) through the discussion of topical social issues in a first-year English as a foreign language (EFL) course conducted online via Zoom. The classroom materials were designed to promote the development of intellectual traits identified by Paul and Elder (2001) as essential components of critical thinking (CT), including intellectual autonomy, intellectual empathy, and fair-mindedness. The classroom activities are in part intended to help first-year students acquire the thinking skills and thinking dispositions needed for subsequent participation in second and third-year Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) courses, which emphasize CTS and active group discussions. A survey was conducted at the end of the semester to collect student feedback about the classroom activities as well as their views on CT.

This is an interim report on the background and implementation of the ongoing "Tego Project" activities by students in the Japanese and English teacher training programs. In the "Tego Project" activities, students in the Japanese Language Teacher Training Course and students in the Junior and Senior High School English Teacher Training Course (hereinafter referred to as "Language Supporters") will support students who need Japanese and English language instruction. In addition, to improve the support for these students, we will develop and test a curriculum for teaching Japanese and English through online learning. The goal is to build a "Japanese/English Start-up Learning Tego Site" and eventually disseminate the results of the project.

This article explored the international understanding activities of Yamaguchi Prefectural University’s students and citizens of Yamaguchi city. The author examined this activity of providing quality education through active learning perspective, which is attracting attention as a method for improving the capacity respond to unexpected incidents.These activities were planned and performed by Yamaguchi Prefectural University’s students. As this activity was executed through a seminar, it was convenient to schedule them and create the necessary teams.
After every activity, improvement points were developed for each team members, focusing on the division of roles within the teams, their communication, and their cooperation in information sharing. Interactive learning practices were noticed as an aspect of the relationship between students and regional residents. The students and the residents, collaborated by sharing their experiences and proficiency in digital skills, which increased their cooperation through active learning.

The author has been involved in the creation of clothing that incorporates the function of size adjustment as part of its design. At the same time, she has experimented with custom-made costumes and product development and sales of clothing and sundry goods. This paper discusses two of the author's creations, and examines the possibility of applying drawstring techniques and snap buttons for size adjustment. In addition, based on the relationship between the body and clothing found in the works of fashion designers, actual clothing sizes, and the size adjustment function of rental garments, the possibility of design using the size adjustment function of clothing is explored.

This article introduced the table of contents of the literary magazine " BOCHO BUNGAKU " and "YAMAGUCHIKEN BUNGAKU". These magazines were published in Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture from October1943 to September October 1945.

Yamaguchi Prefectural University has clothing materials dating back to the days of Yamaguchi Women's Junior College and Yamaguchi Women's University in its collection as course materials. In this report, we present a women’s two-piece dress purchased at Mitsukoshi in 1960, out of more than 50 pieces of clothing materials, including dresses and jackets, for which the date of purchase and price are clear.

Yamaguchi Prefectural University offers a "CG Training" course to help students acquire the knowledge and skills to use CG software. In addition, this university is involved in various initiatives with external organizations as part of a regional cooperation, and the "foster parent system" discussed in this report is one such initiative. This paper reports on the process of the "Foster Care System Awareness Poster" project.

The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Competency Scale in Practice of Childhood Care for children with Disabilities (CSPCD). Moreover, this study examines the relationship between CPSCD and careers of nursery teachers. The results exhibited that CSPCD consisted of five sub-scales interest in childcare for children with disabilities necessary assessments in childcare for children with disabilities; the actual involvement in childcare for children with disabilities; collaboration with parents and other organizations in childcare for children with disabilities, and development of expertise in childcare. Our study finds that there is sufficient reliability and validity in this regard due to significant correlation between the score of interest in childcare for children with disabilities in CSPCD and the required number of years of experience for a childcare institution. Additionally, it was clarified that the total score of CSPCD and the scores of each sub-scale differed significantly depending on the teachers’ individual experiences in assisting children with disabilities.

More than 30 years have passed since the Social Worker and Care Worker Act was enacted in 1987, which positioned social welfare officers as nationally qualified social workers, and as of the end of December 2022, there were 271,208 registered social workers.
As stipulated in Article 2 of the Social Worker and Care Worker Act, social workers are professionals who, with their specialized knowledge and skills, provide "consultation" to persons eligible for assistance, "advice and guidance,"
"liaison and coordination" with welfare service providers and other professionals and persons concerned, and "other assistance.”
In this study, five social workers from the Council of Social Welfare (in charge of projects to support the selfreliance of the needy) and the Community Comprehensive Support Center were surveyed for four weeks from February 7 to March 4, 2022, to investigate their work dynamics.
The survey results indicate that social workers perform their professional duties as stipulated in the Act according to the functions and roles of their agencies. However, "outreach" and "community and organizational outreach," which are the goals of the "Consultation Assistance" section of the research presentations at the annual conference of the Japan Society of Social Workers, are being practiced but account for only a small percentage of the total work.We believe that further collaboration and information sharing with related organizations is needed to discover those in need of assistance. As for the other objective of "collaboration with various professions", it became clear that the respondents collaborated with health, medical, welfare-related organizations, government administrators, and welfare commissioners, as well as with probation officers and lawyers, etc., as required for the persons are assisted by each organization.
Based on the above, we believe that by accumulating practices related to "outreach" and “community and organizational outreach", social workers will be able to fulfill the roles of responding to cross-system issues and supporting activities of local residents, as it was anticipated by the Special Committee for Securing Welfare Human Resources of the Welfare Subcommittee, Social Security Council of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to work toward the realization of a "community-based society.”

The follow is our three conclusions. First, even though the Prevention Law for Hansen disease at 1907 and 1931 have been regarded as a symbol of infringement of patient’s human rights, these Laws were not specified the term “segregation”, which made possible to survive patients with Hansen disease in Okinawa Island. These Laws had been included some relief measures. Second, we consider comparative research on Okinawan medical history of three infectious disease: Hansen disease, Tuberculosis, and Malaria.
The following is common ground of three diseases, which came to the end after the Okinawan reversion at 1972, owing to “American medical benefits”. These diseases has each own medical conditions and social interests before Okinawan war. In general, Okinawan medical institution was very scarce at that time. In Okinawa society, people with Hansen disease and Tuberculosis were possible to be recuperation at home, because sanatorium for them had not been constructed. For only the people with Hansen disease, however, it was possible to recuperate at home until disclosing infection. From the viewpoint of social stigma, the people with Hansen disease was inferior to the people with Tuberculosis. The people who disclosed infection with Hansen disease had to usually run away from home, then lived at refugee’s camp in Okinawa.
On other hand, socio－economical risk was immanent in Tuberculosis and Malaria, because their infection would decreased to the population of industrial workers. As especially toropical Malaria had high risk to die, many cultivate villages were broken at Iriomote Island. As Malaria prevented from exploitation and economy in Yaeyama, the Island people decided to introduce into the compulsory Medical policy for Malaria. This policy derived from medical practice in Taiwan. Though the Ya-eyama medical institution for Malaria was nearly finished, it was not possible to exterminate before Okinawan War. It was been increased infection with Tuberculosis at rural area in Okinawa Island. To the contrary, because of the number of inpatients with Tuberculosis had been amounted to ten thousand degree, it was not possible to construct the medical policy before Okinawan War. Compare Hansen disease with Tuberculosis and Malaria, the number of inpatients with Hansen disease was low score（about 1000 inpatients ）, and the social-economical risk was small. The construction of sanatorium for inpatients with Hansen disease was preceded to Tuberculosis. Third, in this research, our hypothesis schema《state - region – patient and home》was direct from the history of constructing processes of institution for public health. The political power of state is not direct to patient, but is mediate by region. It is important to construct the managing system of relationship between region and patient, because of the medical policy for infection is not functional without voluntarily corporation from regional institution and patient.

An online questionnaire was administered to 172 people to clarify the influence of the act of supporting one’s favorites. The data revealed that approximately three-fourths of the respondents felt an improvement in subjective health and self-esteem after beginning to act to support their favorites. In addition, spending time or money on supporting one’s favorite had a great influence on subjective health and self-esteem. Our findings indicate that the act of supporting one’s favorites can enhance one’s well-being.

A questionnaire survey was administered to 40 students to examine the effects of short trainings that were given at this university for clinical instructors with emphasis on the basic fundamentals. The objective of these trainings is to “allow clinical instructors and faculty members with limited experience providing clinical instructions to understand the importance and methods of clinical instruction, as well as learn knowledge and techniques that can be quickly deployed, thereby heightening their desire and interest in providing clinical instructions.” The training consists of four one-hour lectures centered on “promoting student understanding,” which is one of the basic fundamentals of clinical instruction, to resolve any perplexities and difficulties experienced by the clinical instructors, as well as a 30-minute summary Q&A session. According to the survey results, roughly 80% of the respondents indicated that they “understood 80% or more of the contents,” and nearly all the respondents indicated that they “can leverage what they learned in their work,” and nearly 70% of those without teaching experience indicated that they “wish to become involved in education.” An analysis of the free descriptions from the respondents uncovered 71 codes across 6 categories for “things they newly learned,” and 73 codes across 6 categories for “things they wish to newly try.” These results showed that the training objective was achieved and a certain level of effect was observed.

The utilization of edible insects is one of the countermeasures against the global population explosion, food crisis, and environmental problems. However, the peculiar flavor of insect foodstuffs is a major obstacle to the widespread use of insect foods. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects of insect foodstuffs on taste and smell, we prepared croissants with the addition of Gryllus bimaculatus powder or Locusta genus powder. These croissants could be further improved in terms of palatability by using secondary ingredients. Furthermore, with the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the flavor components of the insect ingredients, we analyzed the odor components and taste intensity, and were able to infer the factors that reduced the palatability of Locusta genus powder.

The present study involved implementing a food and nutrition educational program comprising different mechanisms for promoting preschoolers’ involvement in a fictional narrative world. The purpose was to evaluate them to determine if they proactively and enjoyably learned about the foodstuffs’ characteristics and the threecolor (red, green, and yellow) classification system for food groups. The participants were 26 “senior-year” (ages 5 and 6) nursery school and kindergarten students. The program followed a storyline (narrative form), with initial “icebreaking” activities, a play, food-related games, and reflection time. The participants were evaluated by using a record of their behavior during the program and interviewing them after the program. The behavior record revealed that the participants spoke spontaneously about the foodstuffs’ characteristics—for example, at a booth designed to stimulate visual perception, “The seeds look like stars!” (apple); at a booth designed to stimulate tactile perception, “It’s like a tree!” (broccoli); and at a booth designed to stimulate olfactory perception, “The crushed ones smell even better!” In the interview after the program,when we asked “How was the activity with Gohanger?”, 84.0% of preschoolers responded positively to the activities, such as "Playing games was fun.” To the question “Do you remember how Gohanger said the teacher who is not energetic for the role could become well again and regain their power in the play?”, 80.0% said, “I remember,” while 90.0% said something about the three color-classified food groups, with statements such as “He eats red, green, and yellow food!” Based on these results, it was concluded that the program promoted the participants’ proactive participation and that they also learned about the foodstuffs’ characteristics and the three color-classified food groups.

本研究は、新型コロナ感染症禍で小児看護学実習を行った学生の学びを明らかにすることを研究目的とした。
2021年度に小児看護学実習を実施した学生のうち本研究への協力を同意した49名の実習終了時に提出する「小児看護学実習評価表」の自由記載欄に記載された内容を研究対象とし分析を行った結果、5カテゴリー、10サブカテゴリ―が抽出された。
学生は臨地実習を通して、新生児期から思春期までの様々な発達段階の子ども達と接することによって【発達段階に応じた関わり方】を学んでいた。また、子どもという対象の特性を理解し、【観察することの重要性】やケア時には『家族の協力が必要不可欠』であり【小児看護における家族】という大切な視点を学び取っていた。そして、実際に小児へのケアを通して『正確に安全で素早いケアの実施』や『恐怖や不安を軽減させる関わり』という【処置/ケア時の援助】に必要な関わり方や『測定技術の難しさ』を学んでいた。また、自宅に帰ってからも家族がしっかり子どもの看護が出来るように看護師には【継続看護への支援】の役割があることを学んでいた。
今回の結果から、新型コロナ感染症禍で制限がある小児看護学実習でも臨地実習で習得すべき要素は学べていることが分かった。

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to prepare two types of fruit wine with 10% and 20% peel using three types of citrus from Kagoshima Prefecture (Beni-amatsu, Kawachi-bankan, and Fukiage-konatsu), and to explore changes over time after preparation.
Methods：Fruit wine was prepared using fruit, fruit peel, glacial sugar, and white liquor. The peels and fruit were removed from the fruit wine at 4 weeks after pickling, and the color difference, acidity, sugar content, and pH were measured thereafter until the 20th week. Fruits and peels removed from fruit wine were freeze-dried and extracted with 35% and 70% ethanol, and the total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were determined along with the fruit wine.
Results：The fruit wine with 20% fruit peel showed higher L*, a*, and b* values than the wine with 10% fruit peel, but the acidity, sugar content, and pH showed little difference due to the amount of fruit peel. L*, a*, and b* values and acidity increased and sugar content decreased until the fourth week after
pickling, but remained almost unchanged after the fruit and peel were removed at the fourth week. The total polyphenol concentration in the fruit wine was higher in fruit wine with 20% fruit peel than in fruit wine with 10% fruit peel for all citrus, and remained unchanged after the fourth week. The DPPH radical
scavenging capacity of fruit wine with 20% fruit peel was higher than that of wine with 10% fruit peel and remained flat or decreased after the 4th week.

The mechanisms involved in triggering hatching behavior in the katydid Eobiana engelhardti subtropica (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, I aimed to clarify the mechanism of hatching behavior
triggered by a light-on (L-on) signal. Hatching under transition from continuous darkness to continuous light (i.e., L-on step, dark pulses, and photoperiods) was concentrated within 2 h after the L-on, indicating that it was triggered by the L-on signal. Furthermore, hatching was directly triggered by a single L-on signal. However, the time from L-on to hatching under dark pulses and photoperiods was affected by the duration of the dark period. This dependency on the dark period’s duration before L-on indicates that it differs from the hatching trigger under the L-on step. The time from L-on to the earliest hatching time and the mean hatching time were similar under dark pulses and photoperiods. Those times were also similar at 15 and 20°C. This suggests that the time from L-on to hatching under dark pulses and photoperiods exhibits temperature compensatory properties, a characteristic of biological clocks. The time ranges from a few minutes to several tens of minutes; however, it is suggested that it is controlled by a time-measuring mechanism involving dark periods. Although it is well known that the L-on signal is involved in the time-measuring mechanism, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study to report that the time-measuring mechanism is involved in the triggering of hatching behavior based on the L-on signal.

The egg period, egg size, and daily changes in egg size were investigated in the field cricket, Teleogryllus emma. T. emma inhabits the slope of the Oishi Dam (OD) (38.03°N, 139.57°E) and Arakawa riverside (AR) (38.09°N, 139.57°E) in Sekikawa Village, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. We studied OD, AR, and the F1 hybrids, viz, OdAr (OD females × AR males), and ArOd (AR females × OD males) and determined whether daily changes in egg size are related to shortening of the egg period of T. emma on the dam slope.
The egg periods in OD, AR, OdAr, and ArOd were shorter at higher temperatures (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the egg period in OD was shorter than that in AR and OdAr (p ≤ 0.05). After oviposition, the eggs enlarged due to water absorption and entered diapause at the embryonic stage of the array. The major axes of eggs in OD, AR, OdAr, and ArOd expanded daily and were influenced by temperature whereby a higher temperature resulted in an increase in the major axes. At 15ºC, the major axis gradually increased after oviposition, reaching its maximum at 130 days. The eggs grew rapidly at temperatures ≥ 20ºC and reached their maximum size at 10−14 days, 5−7 days, and 4−6 days after oviposition at 20, 25, and 30ºC, respectively. The expansion of the major axis up to 7 days after oviposition showed that the egg size in AR increased faster than that in OD at 15ºC, while that in OD increased faster than AR at 20, 25, and 30ºC, indicating that the expansion rate in OD and AR eggs differed with temperatures. Temperature-dependent changes in the expansion rates in OD and AR up to 7 days after oviposition suggest that they may be associated with shortened egg period.

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The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of the curriculum design for the General Education Curriculum that started in 2022, and to present the concept of the instructional design for the “Project to Design the Future of Yamaguchi,” which is a comprehensive assessment subject.
Up until now this university had designed its curriculum using the so-called “theme-based” method. However, in a new era of unpredictability, the nature of the qualities and abilities demanded of university education by society and university establishers is changing. Therefore, the decision was made to design the new General Education Curriculum using a competency-based method of backward design with the required qualities and abilities set as educational targets.
While combining the diverse knowledge they acquired in the first semester, students for mixed teams from all departments in the second semester and based on the design thinking process, generated ideas oriented toward solving problems in the local community. A rubric-type evaluation forms was used to visualize the students’ academic achievements.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the famine foods listed in the “KYUKI TEIYO.” It was compiled by Fuse Mikaki, a local magistrate in Ogori in 1850, under the order of the lord of the Hagi domain, Mori Yoshichika, whose name later changed to Mori Takachika. In addition, the documented items contained in it will be compared with the standard Japanese names. The “KYUKI TEIYO” includes a mixture of words unique to the Yamaguchi dialect of the time and words of the same form as the standard language. In this paper, they are summarized to give a complete picture. This examination will lead to a better understanding of the plant and marine products that the Japanese people used to overcome repeated disasters, and will also help to pass on a sustainable food culture in an era of uncertainty.

“Introduction to Lifelong Learning” is a common and compulsory subject required by librarians, curators, and social education directors for certification in Japanese higher education. However, no research has been conducted on the contents of this subject. Thus, this study aims to clarify the knowledge acquired in the subject based on an analysis of index terms in textbooks. The primary results are as follows: (1) this subject is connected to adult and community education; (2) the subject contents depend on the type of certificate; (3) there are few common terms in the indices; (4) indices contain many terms specified in law as well as the names of foreign people; and (5) there are fewer words related to educational administration or learning support than to lifelong education or educational facilities.

The purpose of this study is to examine the social background to the boom in school ghost stories in Japan in the 1990s, in the light of the latest psychological research on the paradox of fear. Until now, the reason for children to seek out scary stories has been explained as them overcoming the crisis of adolescence. However, recent psychological research has proposed a coactivation-based model of fear and enjoyment. In the light of this, this study indicates that in contemporary society children are not allowed to enjoy experiencing fear. The study concludes that the school ghost story boom was a result of children being deprived of opportunities to experience fear in their lives.

TAT stories that were used to judge the presence of uncertainty motivation were analyzed by text mining. The stories following lead sentence number 2 were analyzed for this study. The results show that: (1) Words and phrases such as “search,” “depressed,” “future,” and “what should I do” were included in the stories with uncertainty motivation; (2) Stories without uncertainty motivation were characterized by the words “friend,” “alone,” and “man.”; (3) These Stories following lead sentence number 2 were shown to have a framing of the negative event and, a coping response.

This article introduced the historical background of “MURA NO SAIGO” written by Nakamura Seiko in July 1909.

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This research was initiated by the Planning and Design Laboratory of Yamaguchi Prefectural University in 2011 as part of a project to revitalize a mountainous area in the Tokuji region of Yamaguchi City
The Tokuji area is blessed with rich nature (forests), and the culture of papermaking has been passed down from generation to generation in the upper reaches of the pure "Saba River. Focusing on this precious regional resource, the company created clothing using knit art works that fuse plant material with natural knit materials, and presented them at fashion shows and exhibitions with the message of "Return to Nature," thereby exploring new possibilities for Tokuji handmade paper
In 2021, the compilation of this series of exhibitions was held at the Suo Kokubunji Temple in Hofu City, downstream from the Saba River, where the Knit Art Exhibition was held
This report describes the process and the results of the creation of cultural exchange between Yamaguchi City and Hofu City through an exhibition whose method is Installation, that fuses the regional resources between the two cities.

The rapid expansion of telework during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan brought a delightful opportunity for telework migration to Japanese rural areas that had not seen significant progress before the Pandemic. However, as the infection of COVID-19 began to subside, telework migration has shown some new aspects, such as an extension of commuting limits and simply relocating and moving to the edge suburbs.
Considering that, this study takes the position that the area around JR Shin-Yamaguchi Station in Yamaguchi City is a marginal edge suburb for commuting to Hiroshima and Fukuoka cities, and examines the latent needs of telework migration targeting the hybrid workers who work in both cities. Also, considering migration as a kind of aggregation of real estate transactions and migrants as its target customers, the authors of this paper have tried to conduct a questionnaire survey of experienced teleworkers in Hiroshima and Fukuoka prefectures in July 2022. We attempted to understand their primary push and pull factors of the telework migration, and the size of the potential demand for the telework migration to the area around JR Shin-Yamaguchi Station.
As a result, those who either themselves or their spouses are from or have lived in Yamaguchi Prefecture, plus those who have family and household reasons, such as nursing care for their parents, are the most likely to carry out telework migration. In addition, the size of the potential demand would be for approximately 3,400 people in the case where the telework implementation rate returns to the level at the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Based on the results of theoretical and empirical studies, interviews were conducted with one affiliate and one subsidiary of Japanese ICT firms in Shandong Province. Although the productivity of affiliate and that of subsidiary were dependent on the headquarter, the affiliate made efforts to increase productivity by shifting from labor-intensive to more knowledge-intensive work, while the subsidiary was able to increase productivity even in labor-intensive activity as long as the parent company's management was doing well. Yet, in China, where human capital is growing considerably, the subsidiary was facing increasingly difficulty in recruiting workers for labor-intensive work. This indicates the need to investigate affiliated companies and subsidiaries separately, which has rarely been clarified in previous studies, many of which have been written from the parent company's perspective.

This paper is the result of a GIS-based analysis of the characteristics of the ancient Ouchi Basin. In the first half of the paper, we began with the characteristics of settlements and burial mounds, and examined the role of flood control works, etc. In the second half of the paper, based on the results of the first half, the actual conditions of the early activities of the Tatara clan (Ouchi clan), which expanded its power based in this area in the early medieval period, were elucidated based on various historical documents.

The use of the Internet and digital devices may encourage social interactions among the elderly. However, the utilization rate of smartphones and other digital devices is not very high among the elderly. A questionnaire was administered to 119 elderly people aged 65 years or older to determine the association between smartphone usage frequency and the frequency of social interactions among them. Our results discovered that 83.2% of the elderly respondents used smartphones. Those who reported using their smartphones more frequently had fewer instances of social isolation and greater numbers of social interactions with others. Our findings also revealed a significant association between the frequency of using social networking services (SNS) on smartphones and the number of social interactions among the elderly. Our findings indicated that the use of smartphones as a means of communication may lead to more social interactions among elderly people.

Undergraduate nursing students are required to acquire practical skills, and many of them may experience learning difficulties. However, the relationship between learning difficulties and motivation for pursuing nursing or vocational views remains unclear. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 92 undergraduate nursing students to determine the influences of their motivation for pursuing nursing and vocational views on learning difficulties. Our results showed that students whose motivation for applying was “because someone recommended me” had difficulty understanding the lecture content. Those who answered “yes” to the item “a career in nursing would help me become my ideal self” found it difficult to acquire practical skills because of fewer opportunities but did not have difficulty balancing their academic and personal lives. Our findings suggest the need to consider measures to support nursing students’ learning by focusing on the motivation for applying for nursing and the vocational views on their learning difficulties.

Declining birth rate in Japan is a pressing issue that has garnered a significant amount of scholarly attention.Many couples express barriers to having a third child, citing financial concerns as the main reason. In addition, mental factors are the primary drivers for the decision to have children. Developing supportive relationships with others may provide reliable support in childbirth and child-rearing.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of women in the magazine “Houtoku”, published by Houtokukai, which was established by Hanada Nakanosuke. It was formed to promote moral education in Japan, and especially the goal of the “Imperial Rescript on Education”.In the 1910s to 192 0s, a democracy and movement calling for equal rights and liberation of women spread throughout Japan. Articles about women in “Houtoku” always criticized individualism and opposed the right to vote for women. The Magazine’s writers believed that the role of Japanese women was to raise their families, educate their children, and support their husbands. They not only criticized contemporary women but also presented their own “ideal” model for a Japanese woman.

Suo-Oshima Town, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, and Suo-Oshima High School signed an agreement of comprehensive cooperation on April 28, 2021. Professor Mizutani was asked to be the representative researcher to begin the “Suo-Oshima High School Aloha Project 2021.” With this project as the starting point, a joint collaboration was carried out on the promotion of Hawaiian culture through design in Suo-Oshima Town.
This paper will investigate the Hawaiian culture promotion plan with particular focus on aloha shirts. In addition, as a practical study of design, it will verify the results of the workshops on making Hawaiian shirts, the fashion show, and the design exchanges which took place online. Finally, future challenges were identified for the purpose of contributing to the branding of Suo-Oshima Town through Hawaiian culture promotion.

The purpose of this research is to examine spatial expression in graphic design through the creation of works. We will attempt to expand the expression of graphic design by pursuing the spatiality of the work itself rather than designing for advertisement or packaging.

This article introduced the table of contents of the literary magazine " SHI-EN" .This magazine was published in Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture from September 1938 to May 1942.
This article covers the period rom from november december 1928 to September 1932.

Japanese teacher training course for teaching Japanese as a foreign language in Yamaguchi Prefectural University was instituted as one of the qualification licenses with the foundation of the Faculty of Intercultural Studies in April, 1994.
Since our establishment we have sent more than 500 graduates out to society. I engaged in the teacher training program as a chief for 28 years, and now, upon retiring in March of 2021, look back on more than a quarter century of this work.
During these 28 years, we changed the curriculum three times to meet the needs of the times. 570 students participated in domestic training of the Teaching Japanese as a foreign language course, which was the most important core subject. We conducted this course 26 times without fail. In terms of the overseas training, 195 students were sent as trainees mainly to secondary schools. 125 overseas Japanese assistants were sent to 23 organizations of eight countries, and this constituted the main characteristic of the Japanese teacher training course in Yamaguchi Prefectural University. The reason why we focused on the experience in foreign countries was that we expected our students to make much of the relationship with the people and experience the enjoyment felt through teaching Japanese. As a result, we hoped the people who come to understand Japan and Japanese culture would increase, and that they will further help in building a peaceful world. Finally, we showed there are many graduates, who are now Japanese specialists in The Japan Foundation, Japanese lecturers in university or Japanese teachers in Japanese language schools, with all playing an active role at home and abroad.
We also showed a variety of examples of career paths with Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language as one of their life choices.

This study aims to examine the public diplomatic policies of the United States toward Okinawa, Japan, during President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s administration through the lens of his strategy of waging psychological warfare as an inexpensive tool to fight the Cold War. Much research has been expended on the role civilian agencies such as the Department of State played in the U.S. administration of military bases in Okinawa; however, this research focuses on how the Department of Defense, in a rare move, coordinated with civilian agencies to counter anti-U.S. sentiment in Okinawa. Formally institutionalized and militarized at the Executive Office of the President under the National Security Council in coordination with the Pentagon, the U.S. Okinawa policy proved to be a blueprint of public diplomacy and psychological warfare later used for the postwar disposition of conflict areas such as Iraq and Afghanistan. This study increases understanding of how the U.S. formulates shifting foreign policy aimed toward gaining not only external military control of foreign regions but also the minds of the local populace. Previous studies have pointed to the Eisenhower administration as transforming the president’s organizational apparatus to implement “the war of language.” This case study presents how the Eisenhower administration strengthened the power of the rhetorical presidency through its decisionmaking process with regard to U.S.-occupied Okinawa.

In this paper, we examined the photo gravure from the first issue of the magazine SUTAIRU to the first issue of Volume 2. The photo gravure of the magazines in the early days of the first issue contains the direction of handling Western clothing and Japanese clothing in a competitive manner. In addition, it was confirmed that the clothes recommended by SUTAIRU in the opening gravure had a close relationship with the craft design at that time.

The subject of this study is "Art," which is offered to students in departments and grades as a basic education course.
Based on the findings from setting the classroom tasks for practical subjects and the progress of activities during Corona, we will consider how to further implement education that involves practical skills, and examine methods of art and design education that can continue to have practical effects even in a post Corona world.

In the "Japanese Language and Expression" class, students are expected to consolidate cross-disciplinary knowledge by interacting with others and to express their own and their group's judgments in a logically constructed manner. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how report assignments should be designed in the above-mentioned Japanese writing class in order for learners to acquire multiple and comprehensive perspectives. In the class, a type of cooperative learning called the jigsaw method is used.
In the jigsaw group, knowledge is exchanged and discussed while coming to terms with each other, and the level of knowledge aggregation is deepened to aggregation, cohesion, and fusion. It is necessary to design the report assignment so that the level of knowledge aggregation can reach the level of fusion, from which new ideas can be generated and developed for the next learning.

This study investigated abuse to people with disabilities, considered "abuse to people with disabilities by employees of welfare facilities for people with disabilities" as described in each "Report on the Investigation Results" for the fiscal years 2015-2019, and considered the current situation and problems of abuse to them suggested by these reports.
As a result, it became clear that intellectually disabled people are intensively abused, and that people in higher disable support categories and people with behavioral disorders (the terms used in the reports) are being increasingly abused.

This paper clarifies the work undertaken by public assistance caseworkers in Yamaguchi Prefecture by analyzing their weekly work diaries and comparing them with the work stipulated in the Public Assistance Act and the Social Welfare Act. The work of public assistance caseworkers was subdivided into 21 items. When the contents of the work were classified into the four categories of work stipulated in the Social Welfare Act, 44.6% of the work was made up of interviews; 24.5% was investigation; 47.9% was decision-making, and 1% was providing guidance. These findings indicate that public assistance caseworkers conduct interviews with those receiving assistance and with others connected with them, make decisions regarding whether to provide public assistance, and provide guidance according to the situation for the purpose of investigations that form the basis for the proper administration of public assistance. In addition, the ratio of the different aspects of their work indicates that there are only a few guidance tasks related to handling cases of fraud. Public assistance caseworkers have the heavy responsibility of having a high level of decision-making ability in deciding whether to provide public assistance as a physical manifestation of citizens’ right to life, based on the information obtained from investigations related to interviews with those receiving assistance.
　Furthermore, with regard to the discretionary power of public assistance caseworkers in carrying out their work, it was found that although there is no room for discretion in the application of the law in guaranteeing a minimum standard of living, as this is a legally mandated task, they do have discretion in promoting self-reliance because they implement self-reliance support programs that are tailored to the situation on the ground in individual welfare offices. In addition, although there is no room for discretion regarding how to allocate energy when dealing with applications for starting or changing assistance due to the time constraints in the process leading up to making a decision, it was found that discretion was given to caseworkers in cases where they were making visits to households receiving continuing assistance, as these were planned on a yearly and monthly basis and implemented systematically.

In recent years, the importance of the co-creative communication approach has often been highlighted when examining communication in children with congenital deaf-blindness and children with severe and multiple disabilities. This paper describes some episodes of dyadic interactions and triadic interactions in a child with CHARGE syndrome and parents based on romantic science, and interprets it from the perspective of co-creative communication. It was suggested that an approach based on various signs and physical reactions of children with congenital deaf-blindness in actual communication situations is important for the co-creation communication approach.

Reprinting and Explanatory Notes of "Edo Nikki (The manuscripts of his diary)" written by Yoshitaka Ozu(A merchant of Edo period).

Reprinting Notes of letter to Ozu Keiso(A merchant of Edo period) owned by Motoori Norinaga Memorial Hall. No.5

A topological reference system is a theory that allows the visualization of the effects of a ring structure on the energy stabilization of π-electron conjugated systems. In this study, the original paper was reconfigured to introduce the definition of the topological reference system and practical calculation method.

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The utilization of edible insects is one of the strategies against the global population explosion, food crisis and environmental problems. However, insect foods often have a distinct flavor, and it constricts the generalization of insect foods. Therefore an analysis was conducted with the aim of clarifying the palatable characteristics of insect foodstuffs. When the taste and smell of locust and cricket powders were examined, the characteristics differed depending on the type of insect. Furthermore, we tried to enhance the palatability by adding a certain flavor when making a cookie using insect powder. As a result, it was possible to enhance the palatability evaluation of cookies by adding various flavors.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between healthy life expectancy and lifestyle and other factors by utilizing real-world data such as open data from the National Database on Receipt Information and Specified Health Examination (NDB), which contains data on specified health examinations for approximately 20 million people nationwide.
In men, fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL or more and financial capability index showed a negative correlation with healthy life expectancy, while sports activity rate and hobby activity rate showed a positive correlation with healthy life expectancy. In women, fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL or more and smoking habit showed a negative correlation with healthy life expectancy.

For the purpose of clarifying the relationship between mortality rate of all causes of death and Mortality rate from malignant neoplasms and lifestyle-related factors and other factors by utilizing the open data of the receipt information / specific medical examination information database (NDB), We examined the health issues of Japan and Yamaguchi Prefecture from the perspective of a registered dietitian.
In men, "fasting blood glucose level 110 mg / dL or more", "systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or more", "drinking more than 2 times on drinking days" and the mortality rate of all causes of death showed an association, and "the frequency of drinking alcohol every day", "drinking more than 2 times on drinking days" and mortality rate from malignant neoplasms showed an association. In women, the mortality rate of all causes of death was associated with "diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more", "smoking habit", and "weight gain / loss in one year is ± 3 kg or more", and "smoking habit" was mortality rate from malignant neoplasms to malignant neoplasms. Mortality was associated.

This study, intended to be published as a series of papers, explores “Discourse under Crisis” in Chinese classical literature. This paper provides an introduction to “Discourse under Crisis” and discusses it in the context of Shijing 詩経.
　“Discourse under Crisis,” within the context of this study, refers to verses and proses produced or utterances spoken under situations of crisis. The subject of discourse, that is, authors of proses and verses or speakers, cannot avoid these situations since they are not given the option to refuse to participate in them.
　The introduction presents the method and framework of reading the discourse in this study through analyzing Confucius’ utterances and Du Fu 杜甫’s poems under their respective situations of crisis.
　In the context of Shijing, this paper classifies songs as follows: songs related to “prison litigation (trial, court),” songs in an environment of “repression and oppression,” songs in “crisis of life,” and songs when exposed to “language of violence” such as calumny; it also discusses various aspects and characteristics of songs as “Discourse under Crisis.”

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The Ohuchinuri lacquer ware production area, which has a workshop centered on Yamaguchi City, became a designated production area under the National Traditional Industrial Promotion Law in 2001.
This paper present the literature and materials to show the 100years succession of Ohuchinuri, which was compiled in the process of application. As a result, the merit of becoming a designated production area shows that the pride of the Ohuchinuri lacquer maker was cultivated and that the Ohuchi doll was selected as the target item. Interacting with lacquer ware specialists, the importance of urushi-e, which is represented by the Sesshu-bon tray of Enryuji Temple in the Edo period, was pointed out. This paper points out the importance of urushi-e as the basic technique of Ouchi lacquer ware.

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We preliminarily surveyed the influence of COVID-19 on pregnancy, birth, and childcare. We used semi-structured interviews. We used text mining to analyze five participants who experienced pregnancy and childbirth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed the following outcomes: (1) COVID-19 influenced familial support, social support, and birth. (2) Participants found it difficult to ask for support. (3) Participants needed social support for infection prevention at the preparation stage because they also cared for their children. (4) The birth affected the failure to share needs of the family and enhance the awareness of childbirth as a pregnant woman.

A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to university students to investigate their positive changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The data revealed that more than three-fourths of the students felt positive changes in relationships and values. Additionally, approximately half of the students felt positive changes in customs and behavior, while 20%–30% felt positive physical and mental vitality changes.
Our findings suggest that it may be necessary for university students to notice their positive changes as being essential for growth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An online questionnaire was administered to 143 university students to clarify their perception of the elderly and its related factors. Consequently, the elderly that formed the basis of the students’ perception regarding older adults were in the following order: “grandparents” > “the elderly in the community” ≥“the elderly in various media.” Furthermore, the students’ perception of the older adults was related to “frequent contact with grandparents,” “quarrel with grandparents,” “pleasant activity with the elderly in the community,” “training session offered by the elderly in the community,” “experience of being scolded by the elderly in the community,” “contents of various media for respect for the elderly,” and “contents of various media for the care of the elderly.” Our findings suggest that experiences with grandparents and older people in the community and various media may play an essential role in having a more positive perception of the elderly for students.

Based on a paper aimed to document the pioneering use of Blended Learning and Instructional Design published in March 2021, an attempt was made to improve one compulsory subject in the Postgraduate Schools of YPU.
The goal of improving the class called ‘Quality of Life (QOL)’ was to show a model to be used at Postgraduate level for mostly adult learners so that they could access the class from their workplaces or homes. The construction of the whole class needed to be reviewed, instead of just utilizing an interactive online ICT tool.
This paper also tries to present an idea for a certificate program based on the above QOL class. Yamaguchi Prefectural University promotes four educational principles, including “respect for human nature,” “emphasis on citizens’ perspectives,” “co-existence with the community,” and “response to globalization”. The focus on humanities is crystalized on the teaching subject, QOL, as mentioned above. ‘Quality of Life’ covers the examination of the quality of everyday life in today’s changing world to diverse life stages, and then into every type of lives in nature and around the globe. By placing the QOL class as the core and adding one or two classes, it is assumed that the certificate course could be started by connecting issues in local towns to innovative solutions in wider society.

Despite the various harmful effects caused by tourism, such as over tourism, there are few concrete measures to promote tourism and community development in an integrated manner.
The background to this is that in tourism policies, indicators that are biased toward the evaluation of tourism exchange performance are set, and there is a lack of indicators that question the degree of involvement with the local community.
On the other hand, in Europe and other countries, they contribute to the development of sustainable local communities by installing unified indicators (“ETIS” and “DIT-ACHIEV”) for advancing projects while considering tourism and regional formation from multiple perspectives. It should be a great example for Japanese local communities.
The purpose of this study: Therefore, in this paper, we will analyze the factors that prevent the establishment and spread of indicators in the current situation, and analyze the method of setting indicators with high versatility based on the current situation.
To accomplish these ends, the authors of this paper have tried to do questionnaire survey conducted by mail to 212 DMOs nationwide from November to December 2021.
The conclusion of this paper: It was found; 1) Japanese DMOs lack the common purpose of "aiming for sustainable tourism", 2) Data collection for KPI is a burden for each DMO, 3) Relationship between DMOs and local residents is still weak, and in the first place, improvement in this point is desired.

Despite the various harmful effects caused by tourism, such as over tourism, there are few concrete measures to promote tourism and community development in an integrated manner.
The background to this is that in tourism policies, indicators that are biased toward the evaluation of tourism exchange performance are set, and there is a lack of indicators that question the degree of involvement with the local community.
On the other hand, in Europe and other countries, they contribute to the development of sustainable local communities by installing unified indicators (“ETIS” and “DIT-ACHIEV”) for advancing projects while considering tourism and regional formation from multiple perspectives. It should be a great example for Japanese local communities.
The purpose of this study: Therefore, in this paper, we will analyze the factors that prevent the establishment and spread of indicators in the current situation, and analyze the method of setting indicators with high versatility based on the current situation.
To accomplish these ends, the authors of this paper have tried to do questionnaire survey conducted by mail to 212 DMOs nationwide from November to December 2021.
The conclusion of this paper: It was found; 1) Japanese DMOs lack the common purpose of "aiming for sustainable tourism", 2) Data collection for KPI is a burden for each DMO, 3) Relationship between DMOs and local residents is still weak, and in the first place, improvement in this point is desired.

From 2007 to 2021, Yamaguchi Prefectural University offered a seminar course called "Seminar in Community Collaboration" as a part of its general education curriculum. In this seminar, students worked together with local residents to solve regional issues. Among these projects, we will introduce the example of working together for 13 years on the local festival "Mori-sama Festival" with residents and high school students under a cooperation agreement with the high school. In addition, we worked together with the students who took the "Seminar in Community Collaboration" to make a proposal to support the survival of the festival after the abolition of the course due to a curriculum revision.

In this article, we describe an attempt to prepare teaching materials to efficiently process NDB open data. The teaching materials consist of explanations of NDB open data and instructions of data processing using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language that can be used with the spreadsheet software Excel. In addition, the teaching materials allow students to understand the advantages of using VBA by comparing it to working with Excel worksheets. Finally, we asked them to solve VBA-related problems and confirmed their understanding of the teaching materials.

With the full-scale transition to online lectures in 2020 bue to the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the sudden widespread use of meeting applications by universities, everyone was thrown into a new world of communication in large groups via video conferencing. This technological leap has created a variety of problems for society, from the very small to the very large, and each problems requires a differen response.
This paper focuses on camera usage during interactive online lectures, and aims to present one of the solutions to the issue of whether student cameras need to be on or off during lectures. Because the handling of camera images provoke ethical issues regarding student privacy, this paper also focuses not on solving the ethical issues conceptually, but by providing technical solutions to deal with this problem.

Text mining was used to analyze the TAT story used to determine the presence or absence of uncertainty motivation. Participants were 82 university students. The results show that: (1) Although there
were few words specific to the stories judged to have uncertainty motivation, the words "microscope," "medicine," and "life" tended to be used in this story. (2) There were relatively many words that were used only in the stories without uncertainty motivation, such as the words "friend," "early," "end," "I," "fork," "walk," and "home". (3) No clear co-occurrence relationship could be found between the words.

As substances corresponding to annulenes in Y-aromatic compounds, tridentenes were proposed by the authors. In this description, by revision of existing papers, a discussion on the magic number of tridentenes, which corresponds to Hückel’s 4N+2 rule, and arguments regarding typhoon tridentene and cyclone tridentene, which are expected to have stereoselective inclusion forming ability, are presented.

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The onion fly, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) spends hot summers and cold winters in the pupal stage. Pupal diapause is determined by the temperature and photoperiod of the larval stage and the temperature of the pupal stage.
When the larvae were reared under various photoperiods at 25°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C after pupation, the rate of diapause tended to be slightly lower in photoperiods longer than 13 h in the light period. When the larvae and pupae were kept at 20°C, the rate of diapause was 80% or more in photoperiods with a light period shorter than 13 h. However, the rate of diapause gradually decreased during longer photoperiods, and when the light periods were longer than 16 h, it decreased to approximately 25%.
The larvae were reared under light-dark conditions (12 h light: 12 h darkness) (LD 12: 12), 14: 10, 18: 6, and 24: 0 at 30, 25, and 20°C and the pupae were kept in continuous darkness (DD) at 30, 25, 20, and 15°C. When the larvae were reared at 30 and 25°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C, the rate of diapause was 15% or less regardless of the photoperiod. When the pupae were kept at 30 and 20°C, the rate of diapause was 50−75% and almost 100% at 15°C. When the larvae were reared under LD 14: 10, 16: 8, and 24: 0 at 20°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C, the rate of diapause was 15% or less.
The rate of diapause the pupal temperature of 30°C was 50−75%, at 20°C was 30−65%, and at 15°C was almost 100%. When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 20°C, the rate of diapause at pupal temperature of 30°C was 50−75%, at 25°C was approximately 55%, and it was almost 100% at 15°C.
When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 20°C and the pupae were kept for 4 weeks under DD at 20°C after pupation. And the pupae were transferred from 20°C to 7°C and then kept for 10, and 15 weeks at 7°C and then transferred to 25°C. When the pupae were kept for 10 weeks at 7C, adult emergence was concentrated the 11th day (the 109th day after pupation) after transition to 25°C, and on the 10th day (the 143th day). This indicates that diapause was broken by low temperatures (7°C). When pupae were kept under DD at 20°C after pupation, adult emergence started around 50 days after pupation and continued for more than 50 days thereafter. No concentration of emergence was observed even when the temperature was changed to 7°C after the emergence adults. This indicates that diapause was broken at 20°C.
The larvae were reared under continuous light at 15°C and the pupae were kept under DD at 7°C after pupation and transferred to 25°C. When the pupae were kept at 7°C for 1 to 20 weeks, the longer the period of 7°C, the shorter the period from the transition to 25°C adult emergence. Adult emergence was concentrated when the 7°C period was 11 weeks or more, and the tendency was more pronounced as the 7°C period increased.
When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 30 and 25°C and the pupae were kept under DD at 30, 25, 20, and 15°C, the rates of diapause were compared in 1981 and 2005. When the rates of diapause when the larvae were reared at 20°C, was compared between 1981, 2005, and 2006. When the larvae were reared at 30 and 25°C, the rate of diapause was lower in 1981 than in 2005, regardless of the temperature of the pupae. However, when the larvae were reared at 20°C, the rate of diapause was higher in 1981 than in 2005 and 2006, regardless of pupal temperature. These results indicated that many years of successive rearing influenced pupal diapause decisions. The most interesting finding was that in many years of successive rearing, the selective pressure for diapause changed with the rearing temperature of the larvae. This elucidation will be clarified by through genetic analysis in the future.

In order to obtain knowledge useful for first-year education and student instruction, the transition of academic performance during 4 years of university was retrospectively investigated for the higher and lower percentiles of grade point average (GPA) at the time of graduation from university. The self-evaluation score of learning outcomes, the PROG test score, and adaptation to university life were examined in the two groups. Furthermore, the relationship between the first-year academic performance and the scholastic ability before enrolling in university was analyzed. Comprehensive scholastic ability in high school fundamentally influenced the academic performance in university evaluated by GPA.
Compared with the higher GPA group, the lower GPA group had lower scores on the PROG test and for feelings of selfaffirmation in the first year of university. We consider educational interventions in the pre-enrollment period and the first year of university to be highly important to improve academic performance throughout the 4-year period of university.

The Personal Data Protection Act is a law to balance "protection of individual rights and interests" and "utilization of personal data." It has been revised since its enactment in 2003 in accordance with social conditions and technological progress. The revision in 2020, which was reviewed every three years, was aimed at "protecting the rights and interests of individuals," "strengthening the utilization of data," and "corresponding to AI and big data."
The revision in 2021 integrates the three laws of the Personal Data Protection Act, the Personal Data Protection Act of Administrative Agencies, and the Personal Data Protection Act of Incorporated Administrative Agencies into one law. Regarding the protection system, the post-integration law stipulates common rules nationwide, and the entire jurisdiction will be unified by the Personal Information Protection Commission. Under such circumstances, I studied the utilization of medical data.

This special issue, Issues Related to Suo Kokufu, consists of the following: Kazumi Tateno’s Traffic around Ancient Suo, Makoto Sato’s Functions and Facilities of Suo Kokufu, Hiroyuki Kanegae’s Kunizonin and Their Duties in Suo Kokufu, Tomoyasu Kato’s Kokushikan in the Kokufu, Shigeru Watanabe’s Suokoku and the Political Arena in Late Antiquity - with a Focus on the Activities of Tamanooya, and Kenji Kurata’s Restoration and Analysis of Historical Landscapes Using GIS Platforms - the Case of Ancient Suo Kokufu. The issue summarizes the results of the five-year joint research project between Yamaguchi Prefectural University and Hofu City titled Comprehensive Research on Suo Kokufu - the Formative Process of City and Hofu. We expect that the findings we present in this special issue will significantly expand the literature findings on and analyses of the latest excavation results.

1）"Muen-muko" and "Ginzaburō" are two different names for the same kyōgen. The Hōreki Namekawa version of the Kyōgen "Muen-muko" is more unique than the other scripts, but it rather diminishes the characteristics of this Kyōgen. This is probably due to the fact that it was created based only on what he had seen and heard of the central flavor of this Kyōgen. 2）The Eyama version of the Kyogen "Ginzaburō" is close to the other scripts, yet has some old-fashioned elements. 3）The Hōreki Namekawa version of "Muen-muko" was resumably created under the influence of the Genroku, Hōei and Shōtoku periods, when rare Noh and Kyōgen performances were popular.

The purpose of this study is to visualize the process of moving from anxiety to liberation of English proficiency held by Japanese assistants (hereinafter referred to as JA) dispatched to secondary schools in English speaking countries, and to show the growth and essential role of JA.
As a result of analyzing the monthly reports of 16 JAs by paragraph and topic in four stages of their terms abroad, immediately after dispatch, 3 months, 6 months, and just before the end, it turned out that it went from the "English wall", through the stages of "thinking about the ideal way of learning a foreign language", "breaking down the English barrier", and to "releasing the anxiety of English proficiency". By the time the anxiety was released, the importance of the role of "catch-up" for students that JA supports was inferred. JA is a person who can "speak things that teachers cannot speak", and through "catch-up", students can not only catch up with the delay of learning but also teach English to the JA, while the JA can strengthen one’s position as JA and gain motivation for learning English. It can be guessed that a warm, personal relationship between the JA and students, that grows on an equal footing with each other, is established.
In intercultural learning, JA and students have a mutually beneficial relationship and can break away from stereotypes of each other, and in a multilingual environment, English is regarded as one of the tools because of the enjoyment and acceptability of language exchange. It was suggested that those are factors that promote the development and growth of JA's English proficiency.