Artur Pappenheim reported a poor description of the morphology of blood neutrophils from lamprey (Lampetra planeri； adult and ammocoetes) and hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) in Folia Haematologica (volume 8, 1909). Here, we inferred on the morphological characteristics of cyclostome neutrophils observed by Pappenheim based on his descriptions and our previous reports. He recognized neutrophilic leukocytes (mature neutrophils) in lamprey (adult and ammocoetes) and hagfish, and neutrophilic myelocytes (immature neutrophils) in ammocoetes and hagfish. This means the existence of specific granules and azure granules. However, the specific granules were considered as an inner layer (L0) of the striated granule (NG2), and the azure granules outer (L1) layer of the striated granule (NG2). The specific granules (=L0 of NG2) would probably have been stained with triacid (purple), acid dyes, and May-Grünwald·Giemsa (MGG； purple), but not with methylgreen-pyronine (MP). The azure granules (=L1 of NG1a) would also have stained purple with MGG, but negative with triacid, acidic dyes and MP.

The monocytes of lampreys [Lethenteron camtschaticum (adult), L. reissneri (adult), L. hattai (adult, ammocoetes)] were round or oval, low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and have striated (two-layered) granules (MoG). The MoG consisted of a basophilic inner layer (L0) and a chromophobic outer layer (L1). The L0 were positive for acid phosphatase, α-naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase and Sudan black B. Also, the L0 showed orthochromatic (blue) with toluidine blue. However, ꞵ-glucuronidase, α-naphthyl butyrate esterase and peroxidase were not detected in the monocytes, which were negative for periodic acid Schiff reaction, alcian blue, Sudan III, and oil red O. Kenji Kiyono reported the two types of monocytes (as blood histocytes), real and dubious monocytes, from the blood of hagfish Eptatretus burgeri. He observed both monocyte types in grown-up hagfish, but only real monocytes in undeveloped (details not stated) hagfish. His real monocytes in undeveloped hagfish were speculated as the monocytes of lamprey (mistaking the specimen), and the real monocytes in grown-up hagfish as poorly stained neutrophils. The dubious monocytes of Kiyono were considered as the real monocytes of hagfish.

The author has previously developed and published energy and resource flow models focusing on the post-collection process of marine debris. These models were designed to examine the technical and economic feasibility of establishing businesses with energy systems. One of the previous studies examined the economic feasibility of a microgrid system combining a styrene oil conversion device from drifted styrofoam and a cogeneration system (CGS). The current study focuses on the “biomass gasification furnace and methanol synthesis furnace” technology, which has a proven track record with woody biomass. If this methanol synthesis furnace could be applied to drifting marine debris, it would be an option for providing energy to coastal facilities. In this study, an energy flow model was developed that can easily calculate the energy flow of a methanol synthesis furnace, CGS, and fuel supply system using biomethanol obtained from coastal biomass such as marine debris. If only marine debris is taken into account, the amount of biomass will be insufficient. For this reason, discarded fish and food residues from fishing ports and fish processing plants were also evaluated. Furthermore, this biomethanol can be used together with waste cooking oil to synthesize biodiesel fuel (FAME), enabling various applications including marine fuel. Using this energy model, the potential for energy self-sufficiency for coastal fisheries facilities (fishing ports, fish processing plants, and fishing boats) was calculated. The calculation results show energy selfsufficiency as a function of changes in biomass volume. However, they also found it difficult to be self-sufficient in electricity, heat, and fuel at the same time. Additionally, an optimization model was developed to determine the optimal size of the CGS, demonstrating the potential to improve the energy self-sufficiency of coastal fishery facilities.

In this study, focused on the waste heat energy from seafood processing plant as research to promote the use of unutilized energy. The waste heat energy from seafood processing plant contains large amounts of the high temperature waste gas from the production of fish cake, and the high temperature wastewater from the production of boiled whitebaits and bonito flakes. If these unutilized waste gases and wastewater could be recovered and utilized as the high heat sources, it would lead to significant energy savings. It is assumed that seawater will be used as the low heat source. Seafood processing plants are usually located close to the sea for processing fisheries caught in the sea, and we recommend the use of seawater as the cooling heat source. Therefore, it is necessary to design systems in consideration of the effects on the ocean environment in the area where seawater is discharged, which may lead to significant modification of the ocean environment. If the optimum flow rate of low heat source at maximum net power is identified, the pump power for seawater can be reduced and the flow rate of seawater into the heat exchanger can be minimized as needed, which is expected to reduce the amount of seawater contamination and lead to lower maintenance costs for the heat exchanger. As a result of this study, it was found that the optimum flow rate of low heat source exists for maximum net power and maximum turbine output. The maximum net power was higher when the temperature difference between inlet and outlet of low heat source was higher, while the maximum turbine output was higher when the temperature difference between inlet and outlet of low heat source was lower.

the purpose of this study is to clarify how Company A of fisheries processing and sales Company A in N City, Yamaguchi Prefecture overcame the constraints and challenges of sixth industrialization, such as the existing industrial structure and the limitations of the capabilities of economic entities that many management entities face. In conclusion, with the cooperation of the fishery cooperative in Company A's efforts to become a sixth industrial, the fact that each employee was able to make use of their experience and know-how to overcome the constraints and issues. This is thought to have led to the establishment of the sixth industrialization.