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Based on the results of theoretical and empirical studies, interviews were conducted with one affiliate and one subsidiary of Japanese ICT firms in Shandong Province. Although the productivity of affiliate and that of subsidiary were dependent on the headquarter, the affiliate made efforts to increase productivity by shifting from labor-intensive to more knowledge-intensive work, while the subsidiary was able to increase productivity even in labor-intensive activity as long as the parent company's management was doing well. Yet, in China, where human capital is growing considerably, the subsidiary was facing increasingly difficulty in recruiting workers for labor-intensive work. This indicates the need to investigate affiliated companies and subsidiaries separately, which has rarely been clarified in previous studies, many of which have been written from the parent company's perspective.

The follow is our three conclusions. First, even though the Prevention Law for Hansen disease at 1907 and 1931 have been regarded as a symbol of infringement of patient’s human rights, these Laws were not specified the term “segregation”, which made possible to survive patients with Hansen disease in Okinawa Island. These Laws had been included some relief measures. Second, we consider comparative research on Okinawan medical history of three infectious disease: Hansen disease, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. The following is common ground of three diseases, which came to the end after the Okinawan reversion at 1972, owing to “American medical benefits”. These diseases has each own medical conditions and social interests before Okinawan war. In general, Okinawan medical institution was very scarce at that time. In Okinawa society, people with Hansen disease and Tuberculosis were possible to be recuperation at home, because sanatorium for them had not been constructed. For only the people with Hansen disease, however, it was possible to recuperate at home until disclosing infection. From the viewpoint of social stigma, the people with Hansen disease was inferior to the people with Tuberculosis. The people who disclosed infection with Hansen disease had to usually run away from home, then lived at refugee’s camp in Okinawa. On other hand, socio－economical risk was immanent in Tuberculosis and Malaria, because their infection would decreased to the population of industrial workers. As especially toropical Malaria had high risk to die, many cultivate villages were broken at Iriomote Island. As Malaria prevented from exploitation and economy in Yaeyama, the Island people decided to introduce into the compulsory Medical policy for Malaria. This policy derived from medical practice in Taiwan. Though the Ya-eyama medical institution for Malaria was nearly finished, it was not possible to exterminate before Okinawan War. It was been increased infection with Tuberculosis at rural area in Okinawa Island. To the contrary, because of the number of inpatients with Tuberculosis had been amounted to ten thousand degree, it was not possible to construct the medical policy before Okinawan War. Compare Hansen disease with Tuberculosis and Malaria, the number of inpatients with Hansen disease was low score（about 1000 inpatients ）, and the social-economical risk was small. The construction of sanatorium for inpatients with Hansen disease was preceded to Tuberculosis. Third, in this research, our hypothesis schema《state - region – patient and home》was direct from the history of constructing processes of institution for public health. The political power of state is not direct to patient, but is mediate by region. It is important to construct the managing system of relationship between region and patient, because of the medical policy for infection is not functional without voluntarily corporation from regional institution and patient.

This article introduced the historical background of “MURA NO SAIGO” written by Nakamura Seiko in July 1909.

In this article, we discuss the application of image processing to old photographs. As concrete applications, we attempt to enhance the legibility of the characters on a notice board and to improve the quality of the image colored using the existing deep learning-based method. In addition, by using Python for image processing, we aim to complete the process using only open-source software.

This is an interim report on the background and implementation of the ongoing "Tego Project" activities by students in the Japanese and English teacher training programs. In the "Tego Project" activities, students in the Japanese Language Teacher Training Course and students in the Junior and Senior High School English Teacher Training Course (hereinafter referred to as "Language Supporters") will support students who need Japanese and English language instruction. In addition, to improve the support for these students, we will develop and test a curriculum for teaching Japanese and English through online learning. The goal is to build a "Japanese/English Start-up Learning Tego Site" and eventually disseminate the results of the project.

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1)The verses of the Komai contained in the newly discovered Horeki Namekawa script 'Enzatsu-rui' match many of those contained in the Hamada script that was handed down to Chofu. 2)The Komai depicts a man and woman with shaved hair drinking sake together and praying to the Buddha in prayer. It is also a pun on the verses of the Noh play “Tamura”. 3)Kyogen “Rokunin-so” is recognized for its idea of wishing for a future life (becoming a Buddhist ascetic) with the act of shaving as a prank. It inherited the framework of the tale of a drunken becoming a monk. Based on the premise of an ending that makes use of this framework, the idea of adding a drinking scene accompanied by a Komai was conceived in the Horeki Namekawa version. 4)At the end of Horeki Namekawa version “Rokunin-so”, there is a mixture of the medieval elements inherited by this work (becoming a priest with mischief as a trigger) and its development in the Edo period (a reconciliation that did not lead to being a priest).

Currently, medical institutions are not only pursuing technology, but are also practicing various attempts to provide safety and comfort in the environment, taking into consideration the emotional burden on patients and their families. Among these, "hospital art," which brings art into the medical field and actively utilizes the positive effects it can have on the viewer, is a representative activity. This paper describes the process of creating hospital art at Sanyo-onoda Municipal Hospital.

More than 30 years have passed since the Social Worker and Care Worker Act was enacted in 1987, which positioned social welfare officers as nationally qualified social workers, and as of the end of December 2022, there were 271,208 registered social workers. As stipulated in Article 2 of the Social Worker and Care Worker Act, social workers are professionals who, with their specialized knowledge and skills, provide "consultation" to persons eligible for assistance, "advice and guidance," "liaison and coordination" with welfare service providers and other professionals and persons concerned, and "other assistance.” In this study, five social workers from the Council of Social Welfare (in charge of projects to support the selfreliance of the needy) and the Community Comprehensive Support Center were surveyed for four weeks from February 7 to March 4, 2022, to investigate their work dynamics. The survey results indicate that social workers perform their professional duties as stipulated in the Act according to the functions and roles of their agencies. However, "outreach" and "community and organizational outreach," which are the goals of the "Consultation Assistance" section of the research presentations at the annual conference of the Japan Society of Social Workers, are being practiced but account for only a small percentage of the total work.We believe that further collaboration and information sharing with related organizations is needed to discover those in need of assistance. As for the other objective of "collaboration with various professions", it became clear that the respondents collaborated with health, medical, welfare-related organizations, government administrators, and welfare commissioners, as well as with probation officers and lawyers, etc., as required for the persons are assisted by each organization. Based on the above, we believe that by accumulating practices related to "outreach" and “community and organizational outreach", social workers will be able to fulfill the roles of responding to cross-system issues and supporting activities of local residents, as it was anticipated by the Special Committee for Securing Welfare Human Resources of the Welfare Subcommittee, Social Security Council of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to work toward the realization of a "community-based society.”

This paper is part of the study “Discourse Under Crisis.” In the context of this study, “Discourse Under Crisis” refers to verse or prose produced or utterances spoken under situations of crisis. The subject of discourse, that is, the authors of the prose or verse or the speakers, cannot avoid these situations, not being afforded the option to refuse． This paper explorers utterances of Confucius and his disciples, utterances of intellectuals in the Hanfeizi 韓非子, songs in the Chuci 楚辭, and pre-Qin 先秦 songs besides those of the Shijing 詩經 and Chuci 楚辭．

An online questionnaire was administered to 172 people to clarify the influence of the act of supporting one’s favorites. The data revealed that approximately three-fourths of the respondents felt an improvement in subjective health and self-esteem after beginning to act to support their favorites. In addition, spending time or money on supporting one’s favorite had a great influence on subjective health and self-esteem. Our findings indicate that the act of supporting one’s favorites can enhance one’s well-being.

The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Competency Scale in Practice of Childhood Care for children with Disabilities (CSPCD). Moreover, this study examines the relationship between CPSCD and careers of nursery teachers. The results exhibited that CSPCD consisted of five sub-scales interest in childcare for children with disabilities necessary assessments in childcare for children with disabilities; the actual involvement in childcare for children with disabilities; collaboration with parents and other organizations in childcare for children with disabilities, and development of expertise in childcare. Our study finds that there is sufficient reliability and validity in this regard due to significant correlation between the score of interest in childcare for children with disabilities in CSPCD and the required number of years of experience for a childcare institution. Additionally, it was clarified that the total score of CSPCD and the scores of each sub-scale differed significantly depending on the teachers’ individual experiences in assisting children with disabilities.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to prepare two types of fruit wine with 10% and 20% peel using three types of citrus from Kagoshima Prefecture (Beni-amatsu, Kawachi-bankan, and Fukiage-konatsu), and to explore changes over time after preparation. Methods：Fruit wine was prepared using fruit, fruit peel, glacial sugar, and white liquor. The peels and fruit were removed from the fruit wine at 4 weeks after pickling, and the color difference, acidity, sugar content, and pH were measured thereafter until the 20th week. Fruits and peels removed from fruit wine were freeze-dried and extracted with 35% and 70% ethanol, and the total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were determined along with the fruit wine. Results：The fruit wine with 20% fruit peel showed higher L*, a*, and b* values than the wine with 10% fruit peel, but the acidity, sugar content, and pH showed little difference due to the amount of fruit peel. L*, a*, and b* values and acidity increased and sugar content decreased until the fourth week after pickling, but remained almost unchanged after the fruit and peel were removed at the fourth week. The total polyphenol concentration in the fruit wine was higher in fruit wine with 20% fruit peel than in fruit wine with 10% fruit peel for all citrus, and remained unchanged after the fourth week. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fruit wine with 20% fruit peel was higher than that of wine with 10% fruit peel and remained flat or decreased after the 4th week.

The utilization of edible insects is one of the countermeasures against the global population explosion, food crisis, and environmental problems. However, the peculiar flavor of insect foodstuffs is a major obstacle to the widespread use of insect foods. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects of insect foodstuffs on taste and smell, we prepared croissants with the addition of Gryllus bimaculatus powder or Locusta genus powder. These croissants could be further improved in terms of palatability by using secondary ingredients. Furthermore, with the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the flavor components of the insect ingredients, we analyzed the odor components and taste intensity, and were able to infer the factors that reduced the palatability of Locusta genus powder.

本研究は、新型コロナ感染症禍で小児看護学実習を行った学生の学びを明らかにすることを研究目的とした。 2021年度に小児看護学実習を実施した学生のうち本研究への協力を同意した49名の実習終了時に提出する「小児看護学実習評価表」の自由記載欄に記載された内容を研究対象とし分析を行った結果、5カテゴリー、10サブカテゴリ―が抽出された。 学生は臨地実習を通して、新生児期から思春期までの様々な発達段階の子ども達と接することによって【発達段階に応じた関わり方】を学んでいた。また、子どもという対象の特性を理解し、【観察することの重要性】やケア時には『家族の協力が必要不可欠』であり【小児看護における家族】という大切な視点を学び取っていた。そして、実際に小児へのケアを通して『正確に安全で素早いケアの実施』や『恐怖や不安を軽減させる関わり』という【処置/ケア時の援助】に必要な関わり方や『測定技術の難しさ』を学んでいた。また、自宅に帰ってからも家族がしっかり子どもの看護が出来るように看護師には【継続看護への支援】の役割があることを学んでいた。 今回の結果から、新型コロナ感染症禍で制限がある小児看護学実習でも臨地実習で習得すべき要素は学べていることが分かった。

The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of the curriculum design for the General Education Curriculum that started in 2022, and to present the concept of the instructional design for the “Project to Design the Future of Yamaguchi,” which is a comprehensive assessment subject. Up until now this university had designed its curriculum using the so-called “theme-based” method. However, in a new era of unpredictability, the nature of the qualities and abilities demanded of university education by society and university establishers is changing. Therefore, the decision was made to design the new General Education Curriculum using a competency-based method of backward design with the required qualities and abilities set as educational targets. While combining the diverse knowledge they acquired in the first semester, students for mixed teams from all departments in the second semester and based on the design thinking process, generated ideas oriented toward solving problems in the local community. A rubric-type evaluation forms was used to visualize the students’ academic achievements.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the famine foods listed in the “KYUKI TEIYO.” It was compiled by Fuse Mikaki, a local magistrate in Ogori in 1850, under the order of the lord of the Hagi domain, Mori Yoshichika, whose name later changed to Mori Takachika. In addition, the documented items contained in it will be compared with the standard Japanese names. The “KYUKI TEIYO” includes a mixture of words unique to the Yamaguchi dialect of the time and words of the same form as the standard language. In this paper, they are summarized to give a complete picture. This examination will lead to a better understanding of the plant and marine products that the Japanese people used to overcome repeated disasters, and will also help to pass on a sustainable food culture in an era of uncertainty.

The egg period, egg size, and daily changes in egg size were investigated in the field cricket, Teleogryllus emma. T. emma inhabits the slope of the Oishi Dam (OD) (38.03°N, 139.57°E) and Arakawa riverside (AR) (38.09°N, 139.57°E) in Sekikawa Village, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. We studied OD, AR, and the F1 hybrids, viz, OdAr (OD females × AR males), and ArOd (AR females × OD males) and determined whether daily changes in egg size are related to shortening of the egg period of T. emma on the dam slope. The egg periods in OD, AR, OdAr, and ArOd were shorter at higher temperatures (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the egg period in OD was shorter than that in AR and OdAr (p ≤ 0.05). After oviposition, the eggs enlarged due to water absorption and entered diapause at the embryonic stage of the array. The major axes of eggs in OD, AR, OdAr, and ArOd expanded daily and were influenced by temperature whereby a higher temperature resulted in an increase in the major axes. At 15ºC, the major axis gradually increased after oviposition, reaching its maximum at 130 days. The eggs grew rapidly at temperatures ≥ 20ºC and reached their maximum size at 10−14 days, 5−7 days, and 4−6 days after oviposition at 20, 25, and 30ºC, respectively. The expansion of the major axis up to 7 days after oviposition showed that the egg size in AR increased faster than that in OD at 15ºC, while that in OD increased faster than AR at 20, 25, and 30ºC, indicating that the expansion rate in OD and AR eggs differed with temperatures. Temperature-dependent changes in the expansion rates in OD and AR up to 7 days after oviposition suggest that they may be associated with shortened egg period.

This paper investigates the development of critical thinking skills (CTS) through the discussion of topical social issues in a first-year English as a foreign language (EFL) course conducted online via Zoom. The classroom materials were designed to promote the development of intellectual traits identified by Paul and Elder (2001) as essential components of critical thinking (CT), including intellectual autonomy, intellectual empathy, and fair-mindedness. The classroom activities are in part intended to help first-year students acquire the thinking skills and thinking dispositions needed for subsequent participation in second and third-year Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) courses, which emphasize CTS and active group discussions. A survey was conducted at the end of the semester to collect student feedback about the classroom activities as well as their views on CT.

The piece is a home-use step stool designed in consideration of the need for child safety. Step stools have been used in Japanese families since a long time ago for various purposes in daily living. Today, multipurpose stools such as foldable ones are commonly used. However, in terms of safety they have more dangerous parts than the conventional type. The concerns become particularly apparent whenever children use such stools. Therefore, to address such safety concerns we have designed a stool under the theme of a “child-friendly stool that ensures peace of mind for adults and guardians.”