How can we get Japanese university students to give longer answers in spoken English? Longer answers come from being comfortable with using the target language. In this study, first I review some of the previous literature about increasing speaking output. Then, I will report on my own research. Two sections of the same class were taught by the same teacher for both 1st and 2nd year university students. The target independent variable was use of the Flipgrid website for oral submissions as well as reviewing other submissions. The working hypothesis is that being able to practice and being able to hear other submissions will lead to students giving longer oral responses during speaking tests. The two test groups used the Flipgrid website throughout the semester, and the two control groups did not.'Using Flipgrid'means to upload a submission as well as review at least two others for each of 6 assignments. Beginning and end-of-semester oral exams were given to 4 groups of students. The number of words per response for every student were calculated, and the results are presented in this study. I will reflect upon how the results of my study compare with what the previous literature on the topic says, and hope to use the results in future classes.

Semiconducting clathrates are attracting a great deal of attention as potential candidates of thermoelectric material based on a design concept called Phonon Glass and Electron Crystal (PGEC). Since most of the thermoelectric clathrates are n-type, developing a p-type clathrate with high thermoelectric performance is an important issue. In this study, the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Ba8Cu6Ge40 clathrate are calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) to search for new p-type clathrates. An energy gap is formed in the electronic band structure of Ba8Cu6Ge40, and the Fermi energy lies in the valence band, indicating that Ba8Cu6Geぃis a p-type semiconductor. The effective mass of the valence
band is larger than that of the conduction band. The Seebeck coefficient for p-type is larger than that for n-type, reflecting the difference in effective mass. According to the dependence of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity on the chemical potential, adjusting the Fermi energy, corresponding to the carrier concentration, to the optimum value improves the power factor. Therefore, the results of DFT calculation show that Ba8Cu6Ge40 has excellent properties as a candidate for p-type thermoelectric materials.

Since 2020, school education activities have changed significantly to prevent the spread of the ℃OVID-19". "Online lessons," which appeared in search of resumption of educational activities while avoiding the risk of infection, became more widespread and established than expected and exceeded the original purpose of "avoidance of Three Cs."
Anymore, it even shakes the significance of "face-to-face lessons" that have continued to exist as the most popular teaching method so far. Based on our interests, this paper aims to clarify the question, "How do students accept new learning forms such as online lessons and exchange of tasks via "Moodle", and how do they interpret them?".
Our university has already conducted a questionnaire about lessons for students, and statistical processing can give an objective evaluation of lessons. However, the questionnaire survey consists of data that cut out human perception at a particular time. It disregards the series of processes that human encounters an event, accepts, understands, leading up to recognition. Therefore, we conducted an interview survey of several university students and a qualitative analysis using Modified Grounded Theory Approach(M-GTA), clarifying the process of accepting this situation and building their learning.
In addition, we would like to identify the determinants that established the process of restructuring new learning and go beyond the binary opposition of "online or face-to-face" to deepen the essential understanding of lessons. We hope this knowledge will support learners'understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a new perspective to contribute to teaching methods studies.

There is a need to develop new energy sources that can replace or complement renewable energies such as solar power generation and wind power generation, which have been put into practical use but have many problems in terms of economy and stability. The author has focused on the SMFC (Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell) power generation research as one solution to this problem. In particular, the control of microorganisms that are the source of power generation was examined to increase the electrical output, which is the key to practical application. By incorporating an inorganic porous structure into the fuel cell, the author has succeeded in accumulating microorganisms near the electrode for the first time. As a result, it was found that the output characteristics of the SMFC were remarkably improved by inserting the porous material, which was embedded in the soil in advance and promoted the accumulation of microorganisms and organic substances, in the vicinity of the anode. By improving the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current, the output power has increased about 6 times on average compared to the conventional one. It is considered that the reason for this is that the accumulation of microorganisms near the anode promotes electron charge transfer into the electrode, increases the amount of generated hydrogen ions, and accelerates the reduction reaction. Furthermore, the author tried to optimize the amount and arrangement of the inorganic porous material to be inserted, and to introduce iron ions that have the function of promoting electron transfer in the battery. As a result, excellent output characteristics for practical use could be obtained.

Tungsten has a high melting point, low resistance, and excellent chemical resistance, and is used as an industrial material for lamp electrodes (filaments) and electrodes for large-scale integrated circuits. Since trace components in the material have a significant effect on the performance and reliability of the device, it is extremely important to determine the concentration of the components in order to evaluate the material properties. In this study, a separation and preconcentration method using a flow injection (FI) system has been developed for the analysis of trace elements in tungsten by AAS. A cation exchange resin column was used for separation and preconcentration. The spike and recovery tests of trace amounts of iron in tungsten were performed by the proposed FI system, and good recoveries were obtained without interference from the tungsten matrix. The proposed system has a 7-fold higher enrichment factor with a sample volume of 3.7 mL and a detection limit of 9 ppb (equivalent to 3.7 µ g g―1 in a solid sample), which enables highly sensitive analysis. The amount of waste fluid per sample analysis is extremely small (27 mL), and the relative standard deviation of 50 ppb iron solution measured five times repeatedly is 2.7 %, which enables accurate analysis. The system is capable of rapid analysis, taking only 6 minutes per sample, and the amount of liquid waste is less than one-tenth that of conventional method, thus reducing the burden on the environment. In this report, iron was selected as the target analyte, but this system is also expected to be applied to highly sensitive analysis of components that can be adsorbed on cation exchange resin.

この論文では、障害に阻まれながらも目標を達成した2人の女性に焦点を当てる。その1人は実在の女性 Anne Innis Dagg博士(1933ー現在）で、もう1人はJane Austen作Persuasion (1818)の登場人物・Anne Elliotである。これら2人の女性が生きた時代や生活背景は異なるため、ここで論じる問題もそれぞれ異なるものであるが、女性だからこそ直面した 問題であるという点で共通している。また、2人にはあらゆる面で違いがあるが、目標達成に向けて努力を惜しまないこ と、強さを持ち合わせていることという共通点がある。周囲の人々の反応が、どのように彼女らに影響を与えたかを論じ つつ、各々が歩んだ道のりを辿る。その際、目標達成を励ますものを探るのみならず、彼女らを取り巻く社会の慣習にも目を向ける。これらの要素は、彼女達の行動や思考様式に、大きな影響を与えている。
本論文の目的は、女性達が目標達成のために行った弛まぬ努力を振り返ること、彼女達が前に進むことを阻んだもの を分析すること、そして、困難を克服する際に彼女達の支えとなったものを探ることである。ロールモデルがいることで、困難克服は、より容易になると考えられる。

「鳩の翼』は、1902年に書かれたヘンリー・ジェイムズによる小説である。テーマは、ジェームズが繰り返し取り上げたテーマの1つである「国際テーマ」であり、主人公はこちらもジェイムズ作品に頻繁に取り上げられるAmericanGirl（アメリカ娘）である。
「鳩の楓」の中で、ジェイムズは多種多様な人間関係について取り上げている。主な登場人物は裕福なアメリカ娘、ミリー・シール、彼女のイギリス人の友人であり、メインで様々なプロットを作り上げる、ケイト・クロイ、そして彼女の秘密の恋人であり、ミリーが好意を寄せるマートン・デンシャーである。
この物語は、不治の病に冒されているミリーがロンドンに到着したことから始まる。ロンドンではミリーの莫大な財産によって、他の登場人物の欲望が刺激され、さまざまなプロットがミリーを待ち受けている。それらのプロットは主にミリーの富への欲求に基づいている。彼女の財産の後継者がいないので、ケイトとデンシャーはミリーを誘惑してデンシャーと結婚させるか、少なくともデンシャーがミリーから大金を相続するように計画を立てる。イギリスの費族であるマーク卿もまた、ミリーの資産の搾取に計略を立てる。
この論文では、富、社会的地位、周囲の人間関係およびデンシャーとの関係の観点からのミリーとケイトの比較が行われる。これらの違いがミリーに対する誘惑的プロットの主な原因であるためである。ケイトはデンシャーを誘惑して彼女の思い通りに彼を操る。つまりケイトが主導権を握っているのである。これは、この小説の最大の誘惑的プロットでもある。ミリーの場合、誘惑的とは言えないが、最終判断においてケイトとデンシャーの関係を修復できないほど変化させ、ケイトのプロットは一面では失敗に終わる。
この小説は、20世紀初頭に書かれたものである。この論文は資本主義の台頭や男性と女性の関係の変化をもたらした時代の変化、モダニティの観点からジェームズの作品を精査するものである。

This paper studies the Japanese translations of Lafcadio Hearn's "From the Diary of an English Teacher" and explores their role in highlighting the multilingual nature of the original text. "From the Diary of an English Teacher" (1894) is based on Hearn's experience as an English teacher in an ordinary middle school (Jinjo Chugakko) and in a normal school (Shihan Gakko) in Matsue. The essay is one of Hearn's most popular works and has been translated several times into Japanese. In his interactions with Japanese colleagues and students, he showed a strong interest in various types of Japanese, such as that used in the Japanese anthem "Kimigayo" or the Imperial Rescript on Education (Kyoiku Chokugo). Hearn sometimes transcribed these Japanese words using Roman characters, while at other times he translated them into English. This makes his writing difficult to translate into Japanese, and it becomes necessary to examine each translated word closely. Hearn also paid attention to the English compositions written by his students. These writings are also difficult to translate into Japanese and require special strategies. In this paper, we analyze the works of three translators of Hearn's essay: Ryuji Tanabe, Teiichi Hirai, and Sukehiro Hirakawa. Tanabe's version was published in 1926 and was included in the first collected works of Hearn in Japanese. Hirai's version was included in his translation of Hearn's works in 1964, which played an important role in making Hearn popular in Japan. Hirakawa's version, however, is the most accessible and widely read of the three.

In spite of vaccination on a large scale, COVID-19 has continued spreading all over the world. In the history of Japan many epidemics such as Smallpox and Tuberculosis have broken out and taken many people's lives. In this study, I research on the epidemic outbreak of Cholera which was raging throughout the Choshu domain in 1858. It happened after Japan was forced to open the country to the Western countries, and Cholera spread almost all over Japan from the crew of an American ship in Nagasaki port who was infected in China. The Cholera epidemic was one of the reasons for the expulsion of foreigners from Japan.
It was an age when neither vaccines.treatments.nor even original pathogens were known. How did the statesmen and people in the Choshu domain confront this terrible and unknown infectious disease? What did they leave as lessons for the future? In this study, I inquire into the following historical sources : One is the Ura Dairy written by Yukie Ura, an upper samurai.the Lord of Atsuki (a part of now Yanai) and one of the top political leaders of the Choshu domain. The other is the Furuya Douan Nichijou (Dairy) written by a doctor and educator living in a small village north of Shimonoseki at that time. The descriptions of the Cholera epidemic in the end of the Edo era give us useful hints about dealing with the challenges we face in our Reiwa period.

The Takahashi-Tanimoto identity-based solution in bosonic open string field theory contains one real parameter a. From various viewpoints, it has been confirmed that the solution is pure-gauge for a> -1/2 and represents the tachyon vacuum for a= -1/2. In particular, we have obtained a consistent numerical result with the above for the "double brane" solution in the previous work using the level truncation approximation. In the literature, we obtained the "double brane" solution in theory around the identity-based solution as follows: firstly, we constructed the "double brane" solution for various values of a at truncation level two, and then we constructed numerical solutions at each a level by level. Alternatively, at each truncation level, we can construct numerical solutions from Kudrna-Schnabl's "double brane" solution, which corresponds to the case a =O, by varying the value of a little by little. We have found that solutions by two methods are in different branches for a region of a at truncation levels 20 and 22. Here, we plot gauge invariants for them and give some comments on consistency.

無人航空機（本稿では複数の回転翼をもつマルチコプターについて論じることとし、以下「ドローン」と表記する）は、 様々な産業分野で利用されるようになってきており、今後、ますますその活用拡大が図られるものと考える。山陽小野田 地域においても、既にドローンを活用している事業所もある。そこで山陽小野田地域にある事業所に対してドローンの 活用に関するアンケート調査を実施した。
アンケート結果から、産業界でドローンを活用できる分野があると考えている事業所がかなりあることや既にドローン を活用している事業所の活用状況、今後、ドローンの活用を考えている事業所が導入時にどのような課題があると考え ているか、導入後の活用のメリット、デメリットをどのように捉えているか、また、活用を考えていない事業所がどのくらい あるのかなどについて論じた。
さらに、ドローン活用のためには、操縦訓練や飛行実験のための練習場を確保することが効果的で安全な活用体制をつくるために重要であるということについて述べた。

山陽小野田市立山口東京理科大学工学部l年次の力学の授業(2021年度）において，力学概念調査(Force Concept Inventory:FCI)を実施した。FCIは，基本的な力学概念に関する30の間で構成されており，本調査では日本語版FCI（第2版，石本ら(2011)）を使用した。調査は，本授業の初回時にプレテスト，最終回にポストテストを実施し， いずれのテストも同一のFCI間題を使用した。ここでは，FCIプレテスト・ポストテストの得点結果を示し，受験者全体の 授業開始時点での力学概念の理解度，及び授業後のその変化について報告する。また，調査結果の解析から明らかと なった学生が持つ誤概念の実態についても示す。

山陽小野田市国際交流協会は，2019年1月に文化庁の「生活者としての外国人のための日本語教室空白地域解消 推進事業地域日本語教育スタートアッププログラム」に応募し，採択され，2019年度から3年間かけて山陽地区での日 本語教室立ち上げに取り組んでいる。筆者は，同協会の地域日本語教育コーデイネーターとして携わっており，本稿で は，2019年度から2021年度（中間）の日本語教室定期開催までの取り組みについて報告する。

本学工学部2年生を対象に開講されている「地域社会学」は、学生が山陽小野田市内でフィールドワークを行い（地 域に出て調究を行い）、自分が集めたデータを統計的に分析し、課題の解決方法を考える授業である。2020年度は山陽オートレース場、きららガラス未来館、サビエル高等学校でフィールドワークを行い、自らが収集したデータを統計的に分析し、課題の解決方法をフィールドワーク先に提案した。

日本語を母語としない日本語学習者を対象とした日本語スピーチコンテストが，国内外で数多く実施されている。本学 の留学生も，地方で行われているコンテストに参加し，入賞している学生もいる。
コンテストヘの参加は，留学生本人の日頃の日本語学習の成果発表の場だと見られがちであるが，日本語学習の動機 づけや自信につながるだけではなく，留学生活を振り返って内省をする機会を得，日本文化への理解など促進させる効 果がある。また，周囲の人へ与えるインパクトも大きい。
本稿は，JLスピコンに参加した留学生や教職員の振り返りと日本人学生の感想文をもとに，それぞれにどのような変化が生じたかを概観し，留学生理解の一助とするものである。