This paper aims to make it clear that there are common and different points of descriptions of textbooks Japanese History A for high school students. On the educational system of Japan, the textbooks, which are authorized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, are provided by several publishing companies. These textbooks, which are written based on some different theories of historical study, could have differences in descriptions depending on the publishing companies. In fact, we have various theories concerning the formation process of the modern nation, for example, some theories of diplomatic relationships between Japan and European countries at that time. Therefore, this paper explains these common and different points with concrete examples by comparative analysis of the descriptions of each textbook. The outcome could contribute to history education for high school students.