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With the full-scale transition to online lectures in 2020 bue to the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the sudden widespread use of meeting applications by universities, everyone was thrown into a new world of communication in large groups via video conferencing. This technological leap has created a variety of problems for society, from the very small to the very large, and each problems requires a differen response. This paper focuses on camera usage during interactive online lectures, and aims to present one of the solutions to the issue of whether student cameras need to be on or off during lectures. Because the handling of camera images provoke ethical issues regarding student privacy, this paper also focuses not on solving the ethical issues conceptually, but by providing technical solutions to deal with this problem.

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This paper clarifies the work undertaken by public assistance caseworkers in Yamaguchi Prefecture by analyzing their weekly work diaries and comparing them with the work stipulated in the Public Assistance Act and the Social Welfare Act. The work of public assistance caseworkers was subdivided into 21 items. When the contents of the work were classified into the four categories of work stipulated in the Social Welfare Act, 44.6% of the work was made up of interviews; 24.5% was investigation; 47.9% was decision-making, and 1% was providing guidance. These findings indicate that public assistance caseworkers conduct interviews with those receiving assistance and with others connected with them, make decisions regarding whether to provide public assistance, and provide guidance according to the situation for the purpose of investigations that form the basis for the proper administration of public assistance. In addition, the ratio of the different aspects of their work indicates that there are only a few guidance tasks related to handling cases of fraud. Public assistance caseworkers have the heavy responsibility of having a high level of decision-making ability in deciding whether to provide public assistance as a physical manifestation of citizens’ right to life, based on the information obtained from investigations related to interviews with those receiving assistance. 　Furthermore, with regard to the discretionary power of public assistance caseworkers in carrying out their work, it was found that although there is no room for discretion in the application of the law in guaranteeing a minimum standard of living, as this is a legally mandated task, they do have discretion in promoting self-reliance because they implement self-reliance support programs that are tailored to the situation on the ground in individual welfare offices. In addition, although there is no room for discretion regarding how to allocate energy when dealing with applications for starting or changing assistance due to the time constraints in the process leading up to making a decision, it was found that discretion was given to caseworkers in cases where they were making visits to households receiving continuing assistance, as these were planned on a yearly and monthly basis and implemented systematically.

For the purpose of clarifying the relationship between mortality rate of all causes of death and Mortality rate from malignant neoplasms and lifestyle-related factors and other factors by utilizing the open data of the receipt information / specific medical examination information database (NDB), We examined the health issues of Japan and Yamaguchi Prefecture from the perspective of a registered dietitian. In men, "fasting blood glucose level 110 mg / dL or more", "systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or more", "drinking more than 2 times on drinking days" and the mortality rate of all causes of death showed an association, and "the frequency of drinking alcohol every day", "drinking more than 2 times on drinking days" and mortality rate from malignant neoplasms showed an association. In women, the mortality rate of all causes of death was associated with "diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more", "smoking habit", and "weight gain / loss in one year is ± 3 kg or more", and "smoking habit" was mortality rate from malignant neoplasms to malignant neoplasms. Mortality was associated.

Based on a paper aimed to document the pioneering use of Blended Learning and Instructional Design published in March 2021, an attempt was made to improve one compulsory subject in the Postgraduate Schools of YPU. The goal of improving the class called ‘Quality of Life (QOL)’ was to show a model to be used at Postgraduate level for mostly adult learners so that they could access the class from their workplaces or homes. The construction of the whole class needed to be reviewed, instead of just utilizing an interactive online ICT tool. This paper also tries to present an idea for a certificate program based on the above QOL class. Yamaguchi Prefectural University promotes four educational principles, including “respect for human nature,” “emphasis on citizens’ perspectives,” “co-existence with the community,” and “response to globalization”. The focus on humanities is crystalized on the teaching subject, QOL, as mentioned above. ‘Quality of Life’ covers the examination of the quality of everyday life in today’s changing world to diverse life stages, and then into every type of lives in nature and around the globe. By placing the QOL class as the core and adding one or two classes, it is assumed that the certificate course could be started by connecting issues in local towns to innovative solutions in wider society.

This study, intended to be published as a series of papers, explores “Discourse under Crisis” in Chinese classical literature. This paper provides an introduction to “Discourse under Crisis” and discusses it in the context of Shijing 詩経. 　“Discourse under Crisis,” within the context of this study, refers to verses and proses produced or utterances spoken under situations of crisis. The subject of discourse, that is, authors of proses and verses or speakers, cannot avoid these situations since they are not given the option to refuse to participate in them. 　The introduction presents the method and framework of reading the discourse in this study through analyzing Confucius’ utterances and Du Fu 杜甫’s poems under their respective situations of crisis. 　In the context of Shijing, this paper classifies songs as follows: songs related to “prison litigation (trial, court),” songs in an environment of “repression and oppression,” songs in “crisis of life,” and songs when exposed to “language of violence” such as calumny; it also discusses various aspects and characteristics of songs as “Discourse under Crisis.”

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of women in the magazine “Houtoku”, published by Houtokukai, which was established by Hanada Nakanosuke. It was formed to promote moral education in Japan, and especially the goal of the “Imperial Rescript on Education”.In the 1910s to 192 0s, a democracy and movement calling for equal rights and liberation of women spread throughout Japan. Articles about women in “Houtoku” always criticized individualism and opposed the right to vote for women. The Magazine’s writers believed that the role of Japanese women was to raise their families, educate their children, and support their husbands. They not only criticized contemporary women but also presented their own “ideal” model for a Japanese woman.

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Reprinting Notes of letter to Ozu Keiso(A merchant of Edo period) owned by Motoori Norinaga Memorial Hall. No.5

The purpose of this research is to examine spatial expression in graphic design through the creation of works. We will attempt to expand the expression of graphic design by pursuing the spatiality of the work itself rather than designing for advertisement or packaging.

The onion fly, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) spends hot summers and cold winters in the pupal stage. Pupal diapause is determined by the temperature and photoperiod of the larval stage and the temperature of the pupal stage. When the larvae were reared under various photoperiods at 25°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C after pupation, the rate of diapause tended to be slightly lower in photoperiods longer than 13 h in the light period. When the larvae and pupae were kept at 20°C, the rate of diapause was 80% or more in photoperiods with a light period shorter than 13 h. However, the rate of diapause gradually decreased during longer photoperiods, and when the light periods were longer than 16 h, it decreased to approximately 25%. The larvae were reared under light-dark conditions (12 h light: 12 h darkness) (LD 12: 12), 14: 10, 18: 6, and 24: 0 at 30, 25, and 20°C and the pupae were kept in continuous darkness (DD) at 30, 25, 20, and 15°C. When the larvae were reared at 30 and 25°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C, the rate of diapause was 15% or less regardless of the photoperiod. When the pupae were kept at 30 and 20°C, the rate of diapause was 50−75% and almost 100% at 15°C. When the larvae were reared under LD 14: 10, 16: 8, and 24: 0 at 20°C and the pupae were kept at 25°C, the rate of diapause was 15% or less. The rate of diapause the pupal temperature of 30°C was 50−75%, at 20°C was 30−65%, and at 15°C was almost 100%. When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 20°C, the rate of diapause at pupal temperature of 30°C was 50−75%, at 25°C was approximately 55%, and it was almost 100% at 15°C. When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 20°C and the pupae were kept for 4 weeks under DD at 20°C after pupation. And the pupae were transferred from 20°C to 7°C and then kept for 10, and 15 weeks at 7°C and then transferred to 25°C. When the pupae were kept for 10 weeks at 7C, adult emergence was concentrated the 11th day (the 109th day after pupation) after transition to 25°C, and on the 10th day (the 143th day). This indicates that diapause was broken by low temperatures (7°C). When pupae were kept under DD at 20°C after pupation, adult emergence started around 50 days after pupation and continued for more than 50 days thereafter. No concentration of emergence was observed even when the temperature was changed to 7°C after the emergence adults. This indicates that diapause was broken at 20°C. The larvae were reared under continuous light at 15°C and the pupae were kept under DD at 7°C after pupation and transferred to 25°C. When the pupae were kept at 7°C for 1 to 20 weeks, the longer the period of 7°C, the shorter the period from the transition to 25°C adult emergence. Adult emergence was concentrated when the 7°C period was 11 weeks or more, and the tendency was more pronounced as the 7°C period increased. When the larvae were reared under LD 12: 12 at 30 and 25°C and the pupae were kept under DD at 30, 25, 20, and 15°C, the rates of diapause were compared in 1981 and 2005. When the rates of diapause when the larvae were reared at 20°C, was compared between 1981, 2005, and 2006. When the larvae were reared at 30 and 25°C, the rate of diapause was lower in 1981 than in 2005, regardless of the temperature of the pupae. However, when the larvae were reared at 20°C, the rate of diapause was higher in 1981 than in 2005 and 2006, regardless of pupal temperature. These results indicated that many years of successive rearing influenced pupal diapause decisions. The most interesting finding was that in many years of successive rearing, the selective pressure for diapause changed with the rearing temperature of the larvae. This elucidation will be clarified by through genetic analysis in the future.

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In the "Japanese Language and Expression" class, students are expected to consolidate cross-disciplinary knowledge by interacting with others and to express their own and their group's judgments in a logically constructed manner. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how report assignments should be designed in the above-mentioned Japanese writing class in order for learners to acquire multiple and comprehensive perspectives. In the class, a type of cooperative learning called the jigsaw method is used. In the jigsaw group, knowledge is exchanged and discussed while coming to terms with each other, and the level of knowledge aggregation is deepened to aggregation, cohesion, and fusion. It is necessary to design the report assignment so that the level of knowledge aggregation can reach the level of fusion, from which new ideas can be generated and developed for the next learning.

Reprinting and Explanatory Notes of "Edo Nikki (The manuscripts of his diary)" written by Yoshitaka Ozu(A merchant of Edo period).

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The subject of this study is "Art," which is offered to students in departments and grades as a basic education course. Based on the findings from setting the classroom tasks for practical subjects and the progress of activities during Corona, we will consider how to further implement education that involves practical skills, and examine methods of art and design education that can continue to have practical effects even in a post Corona world.