我々は，安静状態におけるイガイMytilus coruscus のヘモリンパ液の酸塩基平衡を調べた。水温18°Cでのヘモリンパ液 pH は7.601±0.023（平均値±標準偏差）， 全炭酸含量（Tco_2）は1.59±0.06 mM/Lを示した。水温23°CではpH 7.568±0.031， Tco_2 1.54±0.09 mM/Lを示した。ヘモリンパ液の二酸化炭素分圧（Pco_2）と重炭酸イオン濃度（[HCO_3^–]）は，温度との関係式から推定された炭酸解離恒数（pKapp）を使用して計算された。Pco_2と[HCO_3^–] は水温18°Cで1.77±0.07 torrと1.50±0.06 mM/L，水温23°Cで1.83±0.08 torrと1.47±0.09 mM/Lを示した。推定したpKappを使い算出したPco_2を検証するため，本研究のin vitro実験で決定したpKappを用いてPco_2を計算した。異なる方法で算出した2つのPco_2に統計的な有意差は認められなかった。これらのことから，イガイヘモリンパ液のpKappを温度との関係式から推定することは，Pco_2と[HCO_3^–]の算出に有効と判断された。イガイヘモリンパ液の非重炭酸緩衝価（ꞵ_NB）は18°Cで0.42 slykes，23°Cで0.54 slykesであり，他のイガイ類の緩衝能をよく反映していた。

イガイの呼吸機能，特に酸塩基平衡を評価するため，イガイ閉殻筋から採取したヘモリンパ液を用いて，二酸化炭素溶解度（αco_2）と炭酸解離恒数（pKapp）に及ぼす温度の影響について調査した。各実験温度において，イガイのヘモリンパ液を二酸化炭素標準ガスと平衡させ，pHと全炭酸含量を測定し，温度（T）とαco_2あるいはpKappとの関係を分析したところ，以下の関係式を得た。αco_2 = 138.247 – 11.253 • T + 0.554 • T^2 − 0.0140 • T^3 + 0.000138 • T^4，pKapp = 6.6407 − 0.01589 • T（αco_2： µM/L/torr； T： ℃）。これらの式により，任意の温度でイガイのヘモリンパ液におけるαco_2とpKappの推定が可能となった。これら推定値を用いれば，微量なヘモリンパ液の二酸化炭素分圧や炭酸水素イオン濃度を任意の温度で把握することができるだろう。

We investigated the effect of temperature on disk abalone Haliotis (Nordotis) discus discus hemolymph CO_2 solubility coefficient (αco_2) and the apparent dissociation constant of carbonic acid (pKapp). The disk abalone hemolymph was equilibrated with a standard CO_2 gas mixture between 10℃ and 20℃, to obtain expressions for αco_2 and pKapp as a function of temperature. The relationship between αco_2 and temperature (T) is expressed as follows： αco_2 = 74.005 - 1.2936 • T - 0.00944 • T^2. And the relationship between pKapp and temperature expressed as follows： pKapp = 6.4675 - 0.08682 • T + 0.003996 • T^2. In these equations, the parameter units are ℃ for T and µM/L/torr for αco_2. The non-bicarbonate buffer values (ꞵ_NB), obtained as a regression coefficient relating pH and [HCO_3^–], were 2.5 Slykes at 10℃, 2.2 Slykes at 15℃, and 3.4 Slykes at 20℃. These equations enable estimation of hemolymph αco_2 and pKapp between temperatures of 10℃ and 20℃.

We investigated the hemolymph oxygen and acid–base status of Akoya pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii, exposed to hypoxic seawater to elucidate the acid–base balance. Akoya pearl oysters cannulated to the anterior aorta for hemolymph collection from the submerged animals showed oxygen and acid–base disturbance of the hemolymph during environmental hypoxia for 24 h (O_2 partial pressure in seawater, Pwo_2 8 torr). The hemolymph O_2 partial pressure (Po_2) decreased from 72.2 torr to 13.6 torr, pH decreased from 7.581 to 7.129, and CO_2 partial pressure (Pco_2) increased from 0.86 torr to 3.31 torr during hypoxia. The hemolymph total CO_2 concentration (Tco_2) and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO_3^–]) were 1.93–1.95 mM/L and 1.80–1.91 mM/L, respectively, and there was no statistically significant change between pre-hypoxia and hypoxia for 24 h. When normoxic seawater was resumed after the hypoxia, the hemolymph Po_2, pH, and Pco_2 returned to their initial levels for about 3 h, and hemolymph Tco_2 and [HCO_3^–] gradually increased. These results showed that Akoya pearl oysters undergo hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis in the hypoxic environments for 24 h (Pwo_2 8 torr). In post-hypoxia, most of the disturbances disappeared within 3–24 h, and the increase in hemolymph [HCO_3^–] which was a secondary change compensated for respiratory disturbance.

We investigated the hemolymph oxygen and acid–base status of akoya pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii, exposed to air for a short time (4 h) to elucidate the acid–base balance and CO_2 dynamics. The hemolymph O_2 partial pressure (Po_2) in air-exposed akoya pearl oysters decreased from 88.7 torr (mean value) to 29.4 torr at 1 h, and the low Po_2 continued for the next 3 h during air exposure. The hemolymph pH decreased from 7.586 to 7.082 during air exposure for 1 h and reached 6.851 at 4 h. The hemolymph CO_2 partial pressure increased from 0.9 torr to 4.4 torr at 1 h and reached 7.3 torr after 4 h of air exposure. The hemolymph bicarbonate concentration and calcium ion concentration at 0 h (control) were 1.9 mM/L and 9.0 mM/L, respectively, and these properties did not significantly change during air exposure. From these results, it was determined that the akoya pearl oysters had hypoxemia caused by hypoventilation at an early phase of the short-term air exposure. The akoya pearl oysters inhibited the discharge of CO_2 by hypoventilation, and respiratory acidosis was caused due to the excessive accumulation of CO_2. Bicarbonate was not mobilized from the shell valve into the hemolymph during the short-term air exposure.