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This special issue, Issues Related to Suo Kokufu, consists of the following: Kazumi Tateno’s Traffic around Ancient Suo, Makoto Sato’s Functions and Facilities of Suo Kokufu, Hiroyuki Kanegae’s Kunizonin and Their Duties in Suo Kokufu, Tomoyasu Kato’s Kokushikan in the Kokufu, Shigeru Watanabe’s Suokoku and the Political Arena in Late Antiquity - with a Focus on the Activities of Tamanooya, and Kenji Kurata’s Restoration and Analysis of Historical Landscapes Using GIS Platforms - the Case of Ancient Suo Kokufu. The issue summarizes the results of the five-year joint research project between Yamaguchi Prefectural University and Hofu City titled Comprehensive Research on Suo Kokufu - the Formative Process of City and Hofu. We expect that the findings we present in this special issue will significantly expand the literature findings on and analyses of the latest excavation results.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of women in the magazine “Houtoku”, published by Houtokukai, which was established by Hanada Nakanosuke. It was formed to promote moral education in Japan, and especially the goal of the “Imperial Rescript on Education”.In the 1910s to 192 0s, a democracy and movement calling for equal rights and liberation of women spread throughout Japan. Articles about women in “Houtoku” always criticized individualism and opposed the right to vote for women. The Magazine’s writers believed that the role of Japanese women was to raise their families, educate their children, and support their husbands. They not only criticized contemporary women but also presented their own “ideal” model for a Japanese woman.